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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☑  QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017
 
or
 
☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For transition period from               to               
 
Commission File Number  001-14585
 
FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

Delaware	 	99-0156159	
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	 	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)	

999 Bishop Street, 29th Floor
Honolulu, HI	 	 
96813	
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	 	(Zip Code)	
 
(808) 525-7000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒  No ☐.
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐.
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 	 	 	
Large accelerated filer ☐	 	Accelerated filer ☐	
Non-accelerated filer ☒	 	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☒	
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒.
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date: 139,546,615 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, were issued and outstanding as of April 20, 2017.

 

 
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

 	 	 	 	 	
Part I Financial Information	Page No.	
 	Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	 	 	
 	 	Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016	 	2	
 	 	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016	 	3	
 	 	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016	 	4	
 	 	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016	 	5	
 	 	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016	 	6	
 	 	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	 	7	
 	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	 	39	
 	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	 	70	
 	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	 	70	
Part II Other Information 	 	 	
 	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	 	70	
 	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	 	70	
 	Item 5.	Other Information	 	71	
 	Item 6.	Exhibits	 	71	
 	Signatures	 	 	72	
 	Exhibit Index	 	73	

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Interest income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loans and lease financing	 	$	109,266	 	$	104,357	 	
Available-for-sale securities	 	 	26,429	 	 	16,559	 	
Other	 	 	1,226	 	 	2,896	 	
Total interest income	 	 	136,921	 	 	123,812	 	
Interest expense	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deposits	 	 	7,570	 	 	6,429	 	
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt	 	 	 6	 	 	71	 	
Total interest expense	 	 	7,576	 	 	6,500	 	
Net interest income	 	 	129,345	 	 	117,312	 	
Provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	4,500	 	 	700	 	
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	124,845	 	 	116,612	 	
Noninterest income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service charges on deposit accounts	 	 	9,555	 	 	9,789	 	
Credit and debit card fees	 	 	14,479	 	 	13,819	 	
Other service charges and fees	 	 	9,097	 	 	9,227	 	
Trust and investment services income	 	 	7,338	 	 	7,405	 	
Bank-owned life insurance	 	 	4,578	 	 	2,356	 	
Investment securities gains, net	 	 	 —	 	 	25,728	 	
Other	 	 	4,360	 	 	5,195	 	
Total noninterest income	 	 	49,407	 	 	73,519	 	
Noninterest expense	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Salaries and employee benefits	 	 	43,300	 	 	44,701	 	
Contracted services and professional fees	 	 	10,308	 	 	12,755	 	
Occupancy	 	 	5,321	 	 	5,312	 	
Equipment	 	 	4,197	 	 	3,827	 	
Regulatory assessment and fees	 	 	3,774	 	 	2,477	 	
Advertising and marketing	 	 	2,028	 	 	1,624	 	
Card rewards program	 	 	4,511	 	 	3,502	 	
Other	 	 	10,900	 	 	10,866	 	
Total noninterest expense	 	 	84,339	 	 	85,064	 	
Income before provision for income taxes	 	 	89,913	 	 	105,067	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	33,173	 	 	39,536	 	
Net income	 	$	56,740	 	$	65,531	 	
Basic earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.47	 	
Diluted earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.47	 	
Dividends declared per share	 	$	0.22	 	$	 -	 	
Basic weighted-average outstanding shares	 	 	139,545,728	 	 	139,459,620	 	
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares	 	 	139,637,410	 	 	139,459,620	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
 
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FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Net income	 	$	56,740	    	$	65,531	 	
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net unrealized gains on securities available for sale	 	 	957	 	 	33,388	 	
Net unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow derivative hedges	 	 	362	 	 	(502)	 	
Other comprehensive income	 	 	1,319	 	 	32,886	 	
Total comprehensive income	 	$	58,059	 	$	98,417	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands, except share amount)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Cash and due from banks	 	$	249,953	 	$	253,827	 	
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	 	 	527,659	 	 	798,231	 	
Investment securities	 	 	5,260,262	 	 	5,077,514	 	
Loans and leases	 	 	11,781,496	 	 	11,520,378	 	
Less: allowance for loan and lease losses	 	 	135,847	 	 	135,494	 	
Net loans and leases	 	 	11,645,649	 	 	11,384,884	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Premises and equipment, net	 	 	295,608	 	 	300,788	 	
Other real estate owned and repossessed personal property	 	 	329	 	 	329	 	
Accrued interest receivable	 	 	39,386	 	 	41,971	 	
Bank-owned life insurance	 	 	429,800	 	 	429,209	 	
Goodwill	 	 	995,492	 	 	995,492	 	
Other intangible assets	 	 	15,800	 	 	16,809	 	
Other assets	 	 	332,847	 	 	362,775	 	
Total assets	 	$	19,792,785	 	$	19,661,829	 	
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deposits:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-bearing	 	$	10,917,631	 	$	10,801,915	 	
Noninterest-bearing	 	 	6,020,547	 	 	5,992,617	 	
Total deposits	 	 	16,938,178	 	 	16,794,532	 	
Short-term borrowings	 	 	 —	 	 	9,151	 	
Long-term debt	 	 	41	 	 	41	 	
Retirement benefits payable	 	 	133,819	 	 	132,904	 	
Other liabilities	 	 	214,753	 	 	248,716	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	17,286,791	 	 	17,185,344	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 11)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders' equity	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common stock ($0.01 par value; authorized 300,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 139,546,615 shares and 139,530,654 shares as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)	 	 	1,395	 	 	1,395	 	
Additional paid-in capital	 	 	2,486,596	 	 	2,484,251	 	
Retained earnings	 	 	104,695	 	 	78,850	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	 	 	(86,692)	 	 	(88,011)	 	
Total stockholders' equity	 	 	2,505,994	 	 	2,476,485	 	
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	 	$	19,792,785	 	$	19,661,829	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 
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FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Accumulated	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Additional	 	 	 	 	Other	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Net	 	Common Stock	 	Paid-In	 	Retained	 	Comprehensive	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands, except share amounts)	    	Investment	    	Shares	    	Amount	    	Capital	    	Earnings	    	Loss	    	Total	 	
Balance as of December 31, 2015	 	$	2,788,200	 	139,459,620	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	(51,259)	 	$	2,736,941	 	
Net income	 	 	65,531	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	65,531	 	
Distributions	 	 	(363,624)	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(363,624)	 	
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	32,886	 	 	32,886	 	
Balance as of March 31, 2016	 	$	2,490,107	 	139,459,620	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	(18,373)	 	$	2,471,734	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance as of December 31, 2016	  	$	 —	  	139,530,654	 	$	1,395	  	$	2,484,251	  	$	78,850	  	$	(88,011)	  	$	2,476,485	 	
Net income	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	56,740	 	 	 —	 	 	56,740	 	
Cash dividends declared ($0.22 per share)	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(30,700)	 	 	 —	 	 	(30,700)	 	
Common stock issued under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	 	 	 —	 	15,961	 	 	 —	 	 	528	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	528	 	
Equity-based awards	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	1,817	 	 	(195)	 	 	 —	 	 	1,622	 	
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	1,319	 	 	1,319	 	
Balance as of March 31, 2017	 	$	 —	 	139,546,615	 	$	1,395	 	$	2,486,596	 	$	104,695	 	$	(86,692)	 	$	2,505,994	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Cash flows from operating activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	56,740	 	$	65,531	 	
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	4,500	 	 	700	 	
Depreciation, amortization, and accretion, net	 	 	14,363	 	 	5,563	 	
Deferred income taxes	 	 	6,816	 	 	15,798	 	
Stock-based compensation	 	 	1,622	 	 	 —	 	
Other gains	 	 	(142)	 	 	(9)	 	
Net gains on sales of loans held for sale	 	 	(12)	 	 	 —	 	
Net gains on investment securities	 	 	 —	 	 	(25,728)	 	
Change in assets and liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net decrease in other assets	 	 	14,761	 	 	1,933	 	
Net decrease in other liabilities	 	 	(33,625)	 	 	(11,630)	 	
Net cash provided by operating activities	 	 	65,023	 	 	52,158	 	
Cash flows from investing activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Available-for-sale securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from maturities and principal repayments	 	 	205,927	 	 	241,472	 	
Proceeds from sales	 	 	 —	 	 	534,557	 	
Purchases	 	 	(390,968)	 	 	(520,399)	 	
Other investments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Proceeds from sales	 	 	8,452	 	 	6,725	 	
Purchases	 	 	(5,858)	 	 	(6,764)	 	
Net increase in loans and leases resulting from originations and principal repayments	 	 	(265,066)	 	 	(239,385)	 	
Proceeds from sales of loans originated for investment	 	 	671	 	 	 —	 	
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	 	 	3,987	 	 	455	 	
Purchases of premises, equipment, and software	 	 	(1,032)	 	 	(4,234)	 	
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment	 	 	10	 	 	 —	 	
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	 	 	635	 	 	167	 	
Other	 	 	(550)	 	 	(46)	 	
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	 	 	(443,792)	 	 	12,548	 	
Cash flows from financing activities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net increase (decrease) in deposits	 	 	143,646	 	 	(7,473)	 	
Net decrease in short-term borrowings	 	 	(9,151)	 	 	(700)	 	
Dividends paid	 	 	(30,700)	 	 	 —	 	
Distributions paid	 	 	 —	 	 	(357,670)	 	
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	 	 	528	 	 	 —	 	
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	 	 	104,323	 	 	(365,843)	 	
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	 	 	(274,446)	 	 	(301,137)	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	 	 	1,052,058	 	 	2,650,195	 	
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	 	$	777,612	 	$	2,349,058	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Supplemental disclosures	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest paid	 	$	7,457	 	$	6,452	 	
Income taxes paid, net of income tax (refunds)	 	 	180	 	 	(7,794)	 	
Noncash investing and financing activities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Transfers from loans and leases to other real estate owned	 	 	524	 	 	202	 	
Transfers from loans and leases to loans held for sale	 	 	659	 	 	 —	 	
Derivative liability entered into in connection with sale of investment securities	 	 	 —	 	 	8,828	 	
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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FIRST HAWAIIAN, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
 
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
 
First Hawaiian, Inc. (“FHI”), a bank holding company, owns 100% of the outstanding common stock of First Hawaiian Bank (“FHB” or the “Bank”), its only direct, wholly-owned subsidiary. FHI is a majority-owned, indirect subsidiary of BNP Paribas (“BNPP”), a financial institution based in France.
 
Reorganization Transactions
 
In connection with FHI’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in August 2016, in which BNPP sold approximately 17% of its interest in FHI, BNPP announced its intent to sell a controlling interest in FHI, including its wholly-owned subsidiary FHB, over time, subject to market conditions and other considerations. On April 1, 2016, a series of reorganization transactions (the “Reorganization Transactions”) were undertaken to facilitate the IPO. As part of the Reorganization Transactions, FHI, which was then known as BancWest Corporation (“BancWest”), formed a new bank holding company, BancWest Holding Inc. (“BWHI”), a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of BancWest, and contributed 100% of its interest in Bank of the West (“BOW”), as well as other assets and liabilities not related to FHB, to BWHI. Following the contribution of BOW to BWHI, BancWest distributed its interest in BWHI to BNPP. After the Reorganization Transactions, the continuing business of BancWest consisted of its investment in FHB and the financial operations, assets, and liabilities of BancWest related to FHB. BancWest, the sole, direct owner of FHB following the Reorganization Transactions, changed its name to “First Hawaiian, Inc.”
 
On July 1, 2016, in order to comply with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System’s requirement (under Regulation YY) applicable to BNPP that a foreign banking organization with $50 billion or more in U.S. non-branch assets as of June 30, 2015 establish a U.S. intermediate holding company and hold its interest in the substantial majority of its U.S. subsidiaries through the intermediate holding company by July 1, 2016, FHI became an indirect subsidiary of BNP Paribas USA, Inc. (“BNP Paribas USA”), BNPP’s U.S. intermediate holding company. As part of that reorganization, BNPP effected the sale of all shares of FHI to a direct subsidiary of BNP Paribas USA, BancWest Corporation (“BWC”).
 
On August 4, 2016, FHI’s common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “FHB”. On August 9, 2016, the IPO of 24,250,000 shares of FHI common stock, which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 3,163,043 shares, at $23.00 per share was completed. On February 17, 2017, a secondary offering of 28,750,000 shares of FHI common stock, which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 3,750,000 shares, at $32.00 per share was completed. FHI did not receive any of the proceeds from the sales of shares by BNPP. Following the secondary offering and exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in February 2017, BNPP beneficially owned approximately 62% of FHI’s common stock. BNPP continued to beneficially own approximately 62% of FHI’s common stock as of March 31, 2017.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of First Hawaiian, Inc. and Subsidiary (the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows required in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the interim period consolidated financial information, have been made. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year. Intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
 
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Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
 
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions believed to be reasonable. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, actual results may differ from these estimates.
 
Accounting Standards Adopted in 2017
 
In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09,  Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting . This guidance requires entities to record all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies as an income tax benefit or expense in the statement of income; changes the classification of excess tax benefits to an operating activity in the statement of cash flows; allows entities to elect whether to account for forfeitures of share-based payments by recognizing forfeitures of awards as they occur or by estimating the number of awards expected to be forfeited and adjusting the estimate when it is no longer probable that the employee will fulfill the service condition, as is currently required; and permitting entities to withhold up to the maximum individual statutory tax rate without classifying the awards as a liability. Upon adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 on January 1, 2017, the Company made an accounting policy election to recognize forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur. The adoption of ASU No. 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
The following ASUs have been issued by the FASB and are applicable to the Company in future reporting periods.
 
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This guidance amends most of the currently existing revenue recognition principles and requires entities to recognize revenues when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Entities will be permitted to adopt the provisions of ASU No. 2014-09 either through retrospective application to all periods presented or through a modified retrospective approach where the guidance would only be applied to existing contracts in effect at the adoption date and new contracts going forward. Revenues from services provided by financial institutions that could be impacted by the new guidance includes credit card arrangements, trust and custody services, certain financial asset servicing arrangements, cash management and payment processing services and administration services for customer deposits accounts (e.g., ATM and wire transfer transactions). This update will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently performing an overall assessment of revenue streams potentially affected by the guidance and evaluating the impact this guidance, including the method of implementation, will have on its consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company continues to monitor certain implementation issues relevant to the banking industry which are still pending resolution.
 
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance provides that lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases): 1) a lease liability, which is the present value of a lessee's obligation to make lease payments, and 2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee's right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Lessor accounting under the new guidance remains largely unchanged as it is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. This update will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The Company has lease agreements, such as leases for branch locations, which are currently considered operating leases, and therefore, not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company preliminarily expects the new guidance will require these lease agreements to be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset with a corresponding lease liability. However, the Company continues to evaluate the extent of the potential impact this guidance will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments . This guidance changes the accounting for credit losses on loans and debt securities. For loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, this update requires a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) approach to determine the allowance for credit losses. CECL requires loss estimates for the remaining estimated life of the financial asset using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In addition, this guidance modifies the other-than-temporary impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities to require an allowance for credit impairment instead of a direct write-down, which allows for a reversal of credit losses in future periods. This update requires entities to record a cumulative effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the capability of its existing systems and processes to support the implementation of this new standard as well as the impact that this standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.  This guidance simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the current two-step goodwill impairment test. This guidance provides that a goodwill impairment test be conducted by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Entities are to recognize an impairment charge for goodwill by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value.  Entities will continue to have the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2017-04 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 
 
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.  This guidance requires entities to report the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by pertinent employees during the reporting period. The other components of net periodic benefit costs are to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-07 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 
 
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20), Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.  Under current GAAP, entities normally amortize the premium as an adjustment of yield over the contractual life of the instrument. This guidance shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. This update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-08 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. 
 
2. Investment Securities
 
As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, investment securities consisted predominantly of the following investment categories:
 
U.S. Treasury and debt securities – includes U.S. Treasury notes and debt securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises.
 
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities – includes securities backed by notes or receivables secured by either mortgage or prime auto assets with cash flows based on actual or scheduled payments.
 
Collateralized mortgage obligations – includes securities backed by a pool of mortgages with cash flows distributed based on certain rules rather than pass through payments.
 
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As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, all of the Company’s investment securities were classified as debt securities and available-for-sale. Amortized cost and fair value of securities as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	Unrealized	 	Unrealized	 	Fair	 	Amortized	 	Unrealized	 	Unrealized	 	Fair	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Cost	    	Gains	    	Losses	    	Value	    	Cost	    	Gains	    	Losses	    	Value	 	
U.S. Treasury securities	 	$	405,326	 	$	 —	 	$	(11,515)	 	$	393,811	 	$	405,637	 	$	 —	 	$	(13,164)	 	$	392,473	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises debt securities	 	 	249,708	 	 	32	 	 	(6,473)	 	 	243,267	 	 	249,707	 	 	16	 	 	(7,056)	 	 	242,667	 	
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	 	 	180,756	 	 	 —	 	 	(5,220)	 	 	175,536	 	 	190,485	 	 	 —	 	 	(4,822)	 	 	185,663	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities	 	 	199,823	 	 	323	 	 	(3,831)	 	 	196,315	 	 	208,034	 	 	385	 	 	(4,034)	 	 	204,385	 	
Non-government asset-backed securities	 	 	8,039	 	 	 —	 	 	(5)	 	 	8,034	 	 	12,592	 	 	 —	 	 	(9)	 	 	12,583	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	3,451,042	 	 	615	 	 	(58,401)	 	 	3,393,256	 	 	3,409,822	 	 	794	 	 	(58,794)	 	 	3,351,822	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	863,091	 	 	854	 	 	(13,902)	 	 	850,043	 	 	700,338	 	 	789	 	 	(13,206)	 	 	687,921	 	
Total available-for-sale securities	 	$	5,357,785	 	$	1,824	 	$	(99,347)	 	$	5,260,262	 	$	5,176,615	 	$	1,984	 	$	(101,085)	 	$	5,077,514	 	
 
Proceeds from calls and sales of investment securities were both nil for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Proceeds from calls and sales of investment securities totaled $25.0 million and $505.0  million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The Company recorded no gross realized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Including the 2016 sale of Visa Class B restricted shares described below, the Company recorded gross realized gains of $25.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. The Company recorded gross realized losses of nil and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The provision for income taxes related to the Company’s net realized gains on the sale of investment securities was nil and $10.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Gains and losses realized on sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method.
 
Interest income from taxable investment securities was $26.4 million and $16.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company did not own any non-taxable investment securities during both the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
The amortized cost and fair value of U.S. Treasury and government-sponsored enterprises debt securities as of March 31, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and
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collateralized mortgage obligations are disclosed separately in the table below as remaining expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities as borrowers have the right to prepay obligations.

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Amortized	 	Fair	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Cost	    	Value	 	
Due after one year through five years	 	$	279,806	 	$	272,245	 	
Due after five years through ten years	 	 	375,228	 	 	364,833	 	
 	 	 	655,034	 	 	637,078	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	 	 	180,756	 	 	175,536	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities	 	 	199,823	 	 	196,315	 	
Non-government asset-backed securities	 	 	8,039	 	 	8,034	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	3,451,042	 	 	3,393,256	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	863,091	 	 	850,043	 	
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities	 	 	4,702,751	 	 	4,623,184	 	
Total available-for-sale securities	 	$	5,357,785	 	$	5,260,262	 	
 
At March 31, 2017, pledged securities totaled $2.7 billion, of which $2.5 billion was pledged to secure public deposits and $202.4 million was pledged to secure other financial transactions. At December 31, 2016, pledged securities totaled $2.7 billion, of which $2.5 billion was pledged to secure public deposits and repurchase agreements, and $209.1 million was pledged to secure other financial transactions.
 
The Company held no securities of any single issuer, other than the U.S. government, government agency and government-sponsored enterprises, which were in excess of 10% of stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
 
The following table presents the unrealized gross losses and fair values of securities in the available-for-sale portfolio by length of time that the 168 and 158 individual securities in each category have been in a continuous loss position as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The gross unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates, relative to when the investment securities were purchased, and not due to the credit quality of the investment securities.

 	 	Time in Continuous Loss as of March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Less Than 12 Months	 	12 Months or More	 	Total	 	
 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Losses	    	Fair Value	    	Losses	    	Fair Value	    	Losses	    	Fair Value	 	
U.S. Treasury securities	 	$	(11,515)	 	$	393,811	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	(11,515)	 	$	393,811	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises debt securities	 	 	(6,473)	 	 	208,235	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(6,473)	 	 	208,235	 	
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	 	 	(5,220)	 	 	175,536	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(5,220)	 	 	175,536	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities	 	 	(3,831)	 	 	188,351	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(3,831)	 	 	188,351	 	
Non-government asset-backed securities	 	 	(2)	 	 	3,341	 	 	(3)	 	 	4,693	 	 	(5)	 	 	8,034	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	(50,147)	 	 	2,920,271	 	 	(8,254)	 	 	246,336	 	 	(58,401)	 	 	3,166,607	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	(2,745)	 	 	435,537	 	 	(11,157)	 	 	266,425	 	 	(13,902)	 	 	701,962	 	
Total available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses	 	$	(79,933)	 	$	4,325,082	 	$	(19,414)	 	$	517,454	 	$	(99,347)	 	$	4,842,536	 	

 	 	Time in Continuous Loss as of December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Less Than 12 Months	 	12 Months or More	 	Total	 	
 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	Unrealized	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Losses	    	Fair Value	    	Losses	    	Fair Value	    	Losses	    	Fair Value	 	
U.S. Treasury securities	 	$	(13,164)	 	$	392,473	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	(13,164)	 	$	392,473	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises debt securities	 	 	(7,056)	 	 	207,651	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(7,056)	 	 	207,651	 	
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	 	 	(4,822)	 	 	185,663	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(4,822)	 	 	185,663	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities	 	 	(4,034)	 	 	195,848	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(4,034)	 	 	195,848	 	
Non-government asset-backed securities	 	 	(3)	 	 	5,202	 	 	(6)	 	 	7,381	 	 	(9)	 	 	12,583	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	(51,484)	 	 	2,847,103	 	 	(7,310)	 	 	233,706	 	 	(58,794)	 	 	3,080,809	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	(1,807)	 	 	252,065	 	 	(11,399)	 	 	279,282	 	 	(13,206)	 	 	531,347	 	
Total available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses	 	$	(82,370)	 	$	4,086,005	 	$	(18,715)	 	$	520,369	 	$	(101,085)	 	$	4,606,374	 	
 
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Other-Than-Temporary Impairment (“OTTI”)
Unrealized losses for all investment securities are reviewed to determine whether the losses are other than temporary. Investment securities are evaluated for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic and market conditions warrant such an evaluation, to determine whether the decline in fair value below amortized cost is other than temporary.
 
The term other-than-temporary is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is a general lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. The decline in value is not related to any issuer- or industry-specific credit event. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not have the intent to sell and determined it was more likely than not that the Company would not be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. As the Company has the intent and ability to hold securities in an unrealized loss position, each security with an unrealized loss position in the above tables have been further assessed to determine if a credit loss exists. If it is probable that the Company will not collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of an investment security, an OTTI is considered to have occurred. In determining whether a credit loss exists, the Company estimates the present value of future cash flows expected to be collected from the investment security. If the present value of future cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis of the security, an OTTI exists. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not expect any credit losses in its debt securities and no OTTI was recognized on securities during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016.  
 
Visa Class B Restricted Shares
In 2008, the Company received 394,000 Visa Class B restricted shares as part of Visa’s initial public offering. Visa Class B restricted shares are not currently convertible to publicly traded Visa Class A common shares, and only transferable in limited circumstances, until the settlement of a certain litigation which is indemnified by Visa members, including the Company. As there are existing transfer restrictions and the outcome of the aforementioned litigation is uncertain, these shares were included in the consolidated balance sheets at their historical cost of $0.
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company recorded a $22.7 million net realized gain related to the sale of 274,000 Visa Class B restricted shares. Concurrent with the sale of the Visa Class B restricted shares, the Company entered into an agreement with the buyer that requires payment to the buyer in the event Visa reduces each member bank’s Class B conversion ratio to unrestricted Class A common shares. See “Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments” for more information.
 
The Company held approximately 120,000 Visa Class B shares as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. These shares continued to be carried at $0 cost basis during each of the respective periods.
 
3. Loans and Leases
 
As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, loans and leases were comprised of the following:

 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	3,243,508	 	$	3,239,600	 	
Real estate:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial	 	 	2,532,253	 	 	2,343,495	 	
Construction	 	 	469,741	 	 	450,012	 	
Residential	 	 	3,864,509	 	  	3,796,459	 	
Total real estate	 	  	6,866,503	 	 	6,589,966	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,503,129	 	 	1,510,772	 	
Lease financing	 	 	168,356	 	 	180,040	 	
Total loans and leases	 	$	11,781,496	 	$	11,520,378	 	
 
Outstanding loan balances are reported net of unearned income, including net deferred loan costs of $25.2 million and $23.8 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
 
As of March 31, 2017, residential real estate loans totaling $2.2 billion were pledged to collateralize the Company’s borrowing capacity at the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (“FHLB”), and consumer and commercial and
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industrial loans totaling $933.7 million were pledged to collateralize the borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRB”). As of December 31, 2016, residential real estate loans totaling $2.1 billion were pledged to collateralize the Company’s borrowing capacity at the FHLB, and consumer and commercial and industrial loans totaling $935.7 million were pledged to collateralize the borrowing capacity at the FRB. Residential real estate loans collateralized by properties that were in the process of foreclosure totaled $3.0 million and $4.1 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
 
In the course of evaluating the credit risk presented by a customer and the pricing that will adequately compensate the Company for assuming that risk, management may require a certain amount of collateral support. The type of collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, land, buildings, equipment, income-producing commercial properties and residential real estate. The Company applies the same collateral policy for loans whether they are funded immediately or on a delayed basis. The loan and lease portfolio is principally located in Hawaii and, to a lesser extent, on the U.S. Mainland, Guam and Saipan. The risk inherent in the portfolio depends upon both the economic stability of the state or territories, which affects property values, and the financial strength and creditworthiness of the borrowers.
 
At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, remaining loan and lease commitments were comprised of the following:

 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	2,226,648	 	$	2,185,810	 	
Real estate:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial	 	  	86,210	 	 	88,331	 	
Construction	 	 	379,275	 	 	434,406	 	
Residential	 	 	974,438	 	 	953,781	 	
Total real estate	 	 	1,439,923	 	 	1,476,518	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,476,712	 	  	1,459,467	 	
Lease financing	 	 	16	 	 	16	 	
Total loan and lease commitments	 	$	5,143,299	 	$	5,121,811	 	

4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
 
The Company must maintain an allowance for loan and lease losses (the “Allowance”) that is adequate to absorb estimated probable credit losses associated with its loan and lease portfolio. The Allowance consists of an allocated portion, which covers estimated credit losses for specifically identified loans and pools of loans and leases, and an unallocated portion.
 
Segmentation
Management has identified three primary portfolio segments in estimating the Allowance: commercial lending, residential real estate lending and consumer lending. Commercial lending is further segmented into four distinct portfolios based on characteristics relating to the borrower, transaction, and collateral. These portfolio segments are: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction, and lease financing. Residential real estate is not further segmented, but consists of single-family residential mortgages, real estate secured installment loans and home equity lines of credit. Consumer lending is not further segmented, but consists primarily of automobile loans, credit cards, and other installment loans. Management has developed a methodology for each segment taking into consideration portfolio segment-specific factors such as product type, loan portfolio characteristics, management information systems, and other risk factors.
 
Specific Allocation
Commercial
A specific allocation is determined for individually impaired commercial loans. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the full amount of principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.
 
Management identifies material impaired loans based on their size in relation to the Company’s total loan and lease portfolio. Each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires an analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan. Impaired loans below the specified threshold are treated as a pool, with specific allocations established based on qualitative factors such as asset quality trends, risk identification, lending policies, portfolio growth, and portfolio concentrations.
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Residential
A specific allocation is determined for residential real estate loans based on delinquency status. In addition, each impaired loan equal to or exceeding a specified threshold requires analysis to determine the appropriate level of reserve for that specific loan, generally based on the value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell. The specific allocation will be zero for impaired loans in which the value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell, exceeds the unpaid principal balance of the loan.
 
Consumer
A specific allocation is determined for the consumer loan portfolio using delinquency-based formula allocations. The Company uses a formula approach in determining the consumer loan specific allocation and recognizes the statistical validity of measuring losses predicated on past due status.
 
Pooled Allocation
Commercial
Pooled allocation for pass, special mention, substandard, and doubtful grade commercial loans and leases that share common risk characteristics and properties is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations. Loan grade categories are discussed under “Credit Quality”.
 
Residential and Consumer
Pooled allocation for non-delinquent consumer and residential real estate loans is determined using a historical loss rate analysis and qualitative factor considerations.
 
Qualitative Adjustments
Qualitative adjustments to historical loss rates or other static sources may be necessary since these rates may not be an accurate indicator of losses inherent in the current portfolio. To estimate the level of adjustments, management considers factors including global, national and local economic conditions; levels and trends in problem loans; the effect of credit concentrations; collateral value trends; changes in risk due to changes in lending policies and practices; management expertise; industry and regulatory trends; and volume of loans.
 
Unallocated Allowance
The Company’s Allowance incorporates an unallocated portion to cover risk factors and events that may have occurred as of the evaluation date that have not been reflected in the risk measures utilized due to inherent limitations in the precision of the estimation process. These risk factors, in addition to past and current events based on facts at the unaudited consolidated balance sheet date and realistic courses of action that management expects to take, are assessed in determining the level of unallocated allowance.
 
The Allowance was comprised of the following for the periods indicated:

 

 	 	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Commercial Lending	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Commercial	 	Commercial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	and	 	Real	 	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Industrial	    	Estate	    	Construction	    	Financing	    	Residential	    	Consumer	    	Unallocated	    	Total	 	
Allowance for loan and lease losses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of period	 	$	33,129	 	$	18,448	 	$	4,513	 	$	847	 	$	43,436	 	$	28,388	 	$	6,733	 	$	135,494	 	
Charge-offs	 	 	(855)	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(22)	 	 	(5,572)	 	 	 —	 	 	(6,449)	 	
Recoveries	 	 	114	 	 	77	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	321	 	 	1,790	 	 	 —	 	 	2,302	 	
Increase (decrease) in Provision	 	 	(831)	 	 	1,407	 	 	19	 	 	(34)	 	 	(194)	 	 	2,850	 	 	1,283	 	 	4,500	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	31,557	 	$	19,932	 	$	4,532	 	$	813	 	$	43,541	 	$	27,456	 	$	8,016	 	$	135,847	 	

 
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended March 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Commercial Lending	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Commercial	 	Commercial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	and	 	Real	 	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Industrial	    	Estate	    	Construction	    	Financing	    	Residential	    	Consumer	    	Unallocated	    	Total	 	
Allowance for loan and lease losses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of period	 	$	34,025	 	$	18,489	 	$	3,793	 	$	888	 	$	46,099	 	$	28,385	 	$	3,805	 	$	135,484	 	
Charge-offs	 	 	(86)	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(72)	 	 	(4,206)	 	 	 —	 	 	(4,364)	 	
Recoveries	 	 	203	 	 	3,199	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	306	 	 	1,626	 	 	 —	 	 	5,334	 	
Increase (decrease) in Provision	 	 	885	 	 	(3,184)	 	 	721	 	 	(81)	 	 	(695)	 	 	2,118	 	 	936	 	 	700	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	35,027	 	$	18,504	 	$	4,514	 	$	807	 	$	45,638	 	$	27,923	 	$	4,741	 	$	137,154	 	
 
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The disaggregation of the Allowance and recorded investment in loans by impairment methodology as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Commercial Lending	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Commercial	 	Commercial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	and	 	Real	 	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Industrial	    	Estate	    	Construction	    	Financing	    	Residential	    	Consumer	    	Unallocated	    	Total	 	
Allowance for loan and lease losses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Individually evaluated for impairment	 	$	213	 	$	 7	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	677	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	897	 	
Collectively evaluated for impairment	 	 	31,344	 	 	19,925	 	 	4,532	 	 	813	 	 	42,864	 	 	27,456	 	 	8,016	 	 	134,950	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	31,557	 	$	19,932	 	$	4,532	 	$	813	 	$	43,541	 	$	27,456	 	$	8,016	 	$	135,847	 	
Loans and leases:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Individually evaluated for impairment	 	$	28,244	 	$	12,316	 	$	 —	 	$	153	 	$	17,375	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	58,088	 	
Collectively evaluated for impairment	 	 	3,215,264	 	 	2,519,937	 	 	469,741	 	 	168,203	 	 	3,847,134	 	 	1,503,129	 	 	 —	 	 	11,723,408	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	3,243,508	 	$	2,532,253	 	$	469,741	 	$	168,356	 	$	3,864,509	 	$	1,503,129	 	$	 —	 	$	11,781,496	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Commercial Lending	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Commercial	 	Commercial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	and	 	Real	 	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Industrial	    	Estate	    	Construction	    	Financing	    	Residential	    	Consumer	    	Unallocated	    	Total	 	
Allowance for loan and lease losses:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Individually evaluated for impairment	 	$	380	 	$	 7	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	705	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	1,092	 	
Collectively evaluated for impairment	 	 	32,749	 	 	18,441	 	 	4,513	 	 	847	 	 	42,731	 	 	28,388	 	 	6,733	 	 	134,402	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	33,129	 	$	18,448	 	$	4,513	 	$	847	 	$	43,436	 	$	28,388	 	$	6,733	 	$	135,494	 	
Loans and leases:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Individually evaluated for impairment	 	$	27,572	 	$	12,545	 	$	 —	 	$	153	 	$	19,158	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	59,428	 	
Collectively evaluated for impairment	 	 	3,212,028	 	 	2,330,950	 	 	450,012	 	 	179,887	 	 	3,777,301	 	 	1,510,772	 	 	 —	 	 	11,460,950	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	3,239,600	 	$	2,343,495	 	$	450,012	 	$	180,040	 	$	3,796,459	 	$	1,510,772	 	$	 —	 	$	11,520,378	 	
 
Credit Quality
The Company performs an internal loan review and grading on an ongoing basis. The review provides management with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of the Company’s lending policies and procedures. The objective of the loan review and grading procedures is to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit quality problems so that appropriate steps can be initiated to avoid or minimize future losses.
 
Loans subject to grading include: commercial and industrial loans, commercial and standby letters of credit, installment loans to businesses or individuals for business and commercial purposes, commercial real estate loans, overdraft lines of credit, commercial credit cards, and other credits as may be determined. Loans which are not subject to grading include loans that are 100% sold with no recourse to the Company, consumer installment loans, indirect automobile loans, consumer credit cards, business credit cards, home equity lines of credit and residential mortgage loans.
 
Residential and consumer loans are underwritten primarily on the basis of credit bureau scores, debt-service-to-income ratios, and collateral quality and loan to value ratios.
 
A credit risk rating system is used to determine loan grade and is based on borrower credit risk and transactional risk. The loan grading process is a mechanism used to determine the risk of a particular borrower and is based on the following eight factors of a borrower: character, earnings and operating cash flow, asset and liability structure, debt capacity, financial reporting, management and controls, borrowing entity, and industry and operating environment.
 
Pass – “Pass” (uncriticized loans) and leases, are not considered to carry greater than normal risk. The borrower has the apparent ability to satisfy obligations to the Company, and therefore no loss in ultimate collection is anticipated.
 
Special Mention – Loans and leases that have potential weaknesses deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for assets or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
 
Substandard – Loans and leases that are inadequately protected by the current financial condition and paying capacity of the obligor or by any collateral pledged. Loans and leases so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
 
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Doubtful – Loans and leases that have weaknesses found in substandard borrowers with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.
 
Loss – Loans and leases classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan or lease has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.
 
The credit risk profiles by internally assigned grade for loans and leases as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Commercial	 	Commercial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	and	 	Real	 	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	  	Industrial	  	Estate	  	Construction	  	Financing	  	Total	 	
Grade:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Pass	 	$	3,135,208	 	$	2,492,073	 	$	464,394	 	$	167,142	 	$	6,258,817	 	
Special mention	 	 	88,315	 	 	18,938	 	 	4,273	 	 	819	 	 	112,345	 	
Substandard	 	 	18,565	 	 	21,242	 	 	1,074	 	 	242	 	 	41,123	 	
Doubtful	 	 	1,420	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	153	 	 	1,573	 	
Total	 	$	3,243,508	 	$	2,532,253	 	$	469,741	 	$	168,356	 	$	6,413,858	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Commercial	 	Commercial	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	and	 	Real	 	 	 	Lease	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	  	Industrial	  	Estate	  	Construction	  	Financing	  	Total	 	
Grade:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Pass	 	$	3,166,304	 	$	2,298,839	 	$	445,149	 	$	179,345	 	$	6,089,637	 	
Special mention	 	 	41,719	 	 	23,859	 	 	3,789	 	 	368	 	 	69,735	 	
Substandard	 	 	29,811	 	 	20,797	 	 	1,074	 	 	174	 	 	51,856	 	
Doubtful	 	 	1,766	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	153	 	 	1,919	 	
Total	 	$	3,239,600	 	$	2,343,495	 	$	450,012	 	$	180,040	 	$	6,213,147	 	
 
There were no loans and leases graded as Loss as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
 
The credit risk profiles based on payment activity for loans and leases that were not subject to loan grading as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Residential	    	Consumer	    	Consumer - Auto	    	Credit Cards	    	Total	 	
Performing	 	$	3,852,789	 	$	235,539	 	$	930,683	 	$	318,412	 	$	5,337,423	 	
Nonperforming and delinquent	 	 	11,720	 	 	3,257	 	 	11,719	 	 	3,519	 	 	30,215	 	
Total	 	$	3,864,509	 	$	238,796	 	$	942,402	 	$	321,931	 	$	5,367,638	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Residential	    	Consumer	    	Consumer - Auto	    	Credit Cards	    	Total	 	
Performing	 	$	3,778,070	 	$	240,185	 	$	906,829	 	$	340,801	 	$	5,265,885	 	
Nonperforming and delinquent	 	 	18,389	 	 	3,327	 	 	15,927	 	 	3,703	 	 	41,346	 	
Total	 	$	3,796,459	 	$	243,512	 	$	922,756	 	$	344,504	 	$	5,307,231	 	
 
Impaired and Nonaccrual Loans and Leases
The Company evaluates certain loans and leases individually for impairment. A loan or lease is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease. An allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An allowance for impaired residential loans is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates.
 
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The Company generally places a loan on nonaccrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection.
 
It is the Company’s policy to charge off a loan when the facts indicate that the loan is considered uncollectible.
 
The aging analyses of past due loans and leases as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Accruing Loans and Leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Greater	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Total Non	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Than or	 	 	 	 	 	Total	 	Accruing	 	 	 	
 	 	30-59	 	60-89	 	Equal to	 	Total	 	 	 	Accruing	 	Loans	 	 	 	
 	 	Days	 	Days	 	90 Days	 	Past	 	 	 	Loans and	 	and	 	Total	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Past Due	    	Past Due	    	Past Due	    	Due	    	Current	    	Leases	    	Leases	    	Outstanding	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	1,150	 	$	1,322	 	$	309	 	$	2,781	 	$	3,238,573	 	$	3,241,354	 	$	2,154	 	$	3,243,508	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	4,675	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	4,675	 	 	2,527,578	 	 	2,532,253	 	 	 —	 	 	2,532,253	 	
Construction	 	 	235	 	 	352	 	 	 —	 	 	587	 	 	469,154	 	 	469,741	 	 	 —	 	 	469,741	 	
Lease financing	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	84	 	 	84	 	 	168,119	 	 	168,203	 	 	153	 	 	168,356	 	
Residential	 	 	3,912	 	 	1,348	 	 	1,437	 	 	6,697	 	 	3,852,789	 	 	3,859,486	 	 	5,023	 	 	3,864,509	 	
Consumer	 	 	13,423	 	 	3,354	 	 	1,718	 	 	18,495	 	 	1,484,634	 	 	1,503,129	 	 	 —	 	 	1,503,129	 	
Total	 	$	23,395	 	$	6,376	 	$	3,548	 	$	33,319	 	$	11,740,847	 	$	11,774,166	 	$	7,330	 	$	11,781,496	 	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Accruing Loans and Leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Greater	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Total Non	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	Than or	 	 	 	 	 	Total	 	Accruing	 	 	 	
 	 	30-59	 	60-89	 	Equal to	 	Total	 	 	 	Accruing	 	Loans	 	 	 	
 	 	Days	 	Days	 	90 Days	 	Past	 	 	 	Loans and	 	and	 	Total	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Past Due	    	Past Due	    	Past Due	    	Due	    	Current	    	Leases	    	Leases	    	Outstanding	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	720	 	$	163	 	$	449	 	$	1,332	 	$	3,235,538	 	$	3,236,870	 	$	2,730	 	$	3,239,600	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	475	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	475	 	 	2,343,020	 	 	2,343,495	 	 	 —	 	 	2,343,495	 	
Construction	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	450,012	 	 	450,012	 	 	 —	 	 	450,012	 	
Lease financing	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	83	 	 	83	 	 	179,804	 	 	179,887	 	 	153	 	 	180,040	 	
Residential	 	 	9,907	 	 	1,069	 	 	866	 	 	11,842	 	 	3,778,070	 	 	3,789,912	 	 	6,547	 	 	3,796,459	 	
Consumer	 	 	17,626	 	 	3,460	 	 	1,870	 	 	22,956	 	 	1,487,816	 	 	1,510,772	 	 	 —	 	 	1,510,772	 	
Total	 	$	28,728	 	$	4,692	 	$	3,268	 	$	36,688	 	$	11,474,260	 	$	11,510,948	 	$	9,430	 	$	11,520,378	 	
 
The total carrying amounts and the total unpaid principal balances of impaired loans and leases as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	Unpaid	 	 	 	
 	 	Recorded	 	Principal	 	Related	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Investment	    	Balance	    	Allowance	 	
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	21,006	 	$	21,720	 	$	 —	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	11,383	 	 	11,383	 	 	 —	 	
Lease financing	 	 	153	 	 	153	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	8,074	 	 	8,682	 	 	 —	 	
Total	 	$	40,616	 	$	41,938	 	$	 —	 	
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	7,238	 	$	7,238	 	$	213	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	933	 	 	933	 	 	 7	 	
Residential	 	 	9,301	 	 	9,582	 	 	677	 	
Total	 	$	17,472	 	$	17,753	 	$	897	 	
Total impaired loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	28,244	 	$	28,958	 	$	213	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	12,316	 	 	12,316	 	 	 7	 	
Lease financing	 	 	153	 	 	153	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	17,375	 	 	18,264	 	 	677	 	
Total	 	$	58,088	 	$	59,691	 	$	897	 	

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Table of Contents
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	 	 	Unpaid	 	 	 	
 	 	Recorded	 	Principal	 	Related	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Investment	    	Balance	    	Allowance	 	
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	22,404	 	$	22,608	 	$	 —	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	11,598	 	 	11,598	 	 	 —	 	
Lease financing	 	 	153	 	 	153	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	9,608	 	 	10,628	 	 	 —	 	
Total	 	$	43,763	 	$	44,987	 	$	 —	 	
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	5,168	 	$	5,624	 	$	380	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	947	 	 	947	 	 	 7	 	
Residential	 	 	9,550	 	 	9,831	 	 	705	 	
Total	 	$	15,665	 	$	16,402	 	$	1,092	 	
Total impaired loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	27,572	 	$	28,232	 	$	380	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	12,545	 	 	12,545	 	 	 7	 	
Lease financing	 	 	153	 	 	153	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	19,158	 	 	20,459	 	 	705	 	
Total	 	$	59,428	 	$	61,389	 	$	1,092	 	
 
The following table provides information with respect to the Company’s average balances, and of interest income recognized from, impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Average	 	Interest	 	
 	 	Recorded	 	Income	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Investment	    	Recognized	 	
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	21,705	 	$	229	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	11,491	 	 	129	 	
Lease financing	 	 	153	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	8,841	 	 	136	 	
Total	 	$	42,190	 	$	494	 	
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	6,203	 	$	47	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	940	 	 	11	 	
Residential	 	 	9,426	 	 	94	 	
Total	 	$	16,569	 	$	152	 	
Total impaired loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	27,908	 	$	276	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	12,431	 	 	140	 	
Lease financing	 	 	153	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	18,267	 	 	230	 	
Total	 	$	58,759	 	$	646	 	

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Table of Contents
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Average	 	Interest	 	
 	 	Recorded	 	Income	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Investment	    	Recognized	 	
Impaired loans with no related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	23,971	 	$	313	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	5,711	 	 	144	 	
Construction	 	 	283	 	 	 8	 	
Lease financing	 	 	180	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	13,706	 	 	131	 	
Total	 	$	43,851	 	$	596	 	
Impaired loans with a related allowance recorded:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Residential	 	$	8,883	 	$	91	 	
Total	 	$	8,883	 	$	91	 	
Total impaired loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	23,971	 	$	313	 	
Commercial real estate	 	 	5,711	 	 	144	 	
Construction	 	 	283	 	 	 8	 	
Lease financing	 	 	180	 	 	 —	 	
Residential	 	 	22,589	 	 	222	 	
Total	 	$	52,734	 	$	687	 	
 
Modifications
Commercial and industrial loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) may involve temporary interest-only payments, term extensions, and converting revolving credit lines to term loans. Additional collateral, a co-borrower, or a guarantor may be requested. Modifications of commercial real estate and construction loans in a TDR may involve reducing the interest rate for the remaining term of the loan, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or substituting or adding a new borrower or guarantor. Modifications of construction loans in a TDR may also involve extending the interest-only payment period. Interest continues to accrue on the missed payments and as a result, the effective yield on the lease remains unchanged. As the forbearance period usually involves an insignificant payment delay, lease financing modifications typically do not meet the reporting criteria for a TDR. Residential real estate loans modified in a TDR may be comprised of loans where monthly payments are lowered to accommodate the borrowers' financial needs for a period of time, normally two years. Generally, consumer loans are not classified as a TDR as they are normally charged off upon reaching a predetermined delinquency status that ranges from 120 to 180 days and varies by product type.
 
Loans modified in a TDR may already be on nonaccrual status and in some cases partial charge-offs may have already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. Loans modified in a TDR are evaluated for impairment. As a result, this may have a financial effect of increasing the specific Allowance associated with the loan. An Allowance for impaired commercial loans, including commercial real estate and construction loans, that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, the loan's observable market price, or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. An Allowance for impaired residential loans that have been modified in a TDR is measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates.
 
The following presents, by class, information related to loans modified in a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 2017	 	March 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Number	 	 	 	 	 	 	Number	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	of	 	Recorded	 	Related	 	of	 	Recorded	 	Related	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Contracts	    	Investment(1)	    	Allowance	    	Contracts	    	Investment(1)	    	Allowance	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	 1	 	$	1,210	 	$	 —	 	 3	 	$	17,305	 	$	 —	 	
Residential	 	 1	 	 	353	 	 	11	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	
Total	 	 2	 	$	1,563	 	$	11	 	 3	 	$	17,305	 	$	 —	 	

 	(1)	 	The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period.	
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The above loans were modified in a TDR through temporary interest-only payments, reduced payments, or below-market interest rates.
 
The Company had total remaining loan and lease commitments including standby letters of credit of $5.1 billion as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Of the $5.1 billion at March 31, 2017, there were commitments of $5.6 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR. Of the $5.1 billion at December 31, 2016, there were commitments of $6.9 million related to borrowers who had loan terms modified in a TDR.
 
The following table presents, by class, loans modified in TDRs that have defaulted in the current period within 12 months of their permanent modification date for the periods indicated. The Company is reporting these defaulted TDRs based on a payment default definition of 30 days past due:

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 2017	 	March 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Number of	 	Recorded	 	Number of	 	Recorded	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Contracts	    	Investment(1)   	    	Contracts	    	Investment(1) 	 	
Commercial real estate (2)	 	 1	 	$	1,395	 	 1	 	$	1,400	 	
Residential (3)	 	 1	 	 	510	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	
Total	 	 2	 	$	1,905	 	 1	 	$	1,400	 	

 	(1)	 	The recorded investment balances reflect all partial paydowns and charge-offs since the modification date and do not include TDRs that have been fully paid off, charged off, or foreclosed upon by the end of the period.	

 	(2)	 	For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the commercial real estate loan that subsequently defaulted was refinanced.	

 	(3)	 	For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the residential real estate loan that subsequently defaulted was modified for interest-only payments.	
 
Foreclosure Proceedings
There were no residential mortgage loans collateralized by real estate property that were modified in a TDR that were in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2017 and one loan of $0.5 million that was in process of foreclosure at December 31, 2016.
 
Foreclosed Property
Residential real estate property held from one foreclosed TDR of a residential mortgage loan included in other real estate owned and repossessed personal property shown in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets was $0.3 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
 
5. Transfers of Financial Assets
 
The Company’s transfers of financial assets with continuing interest as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 included pledges of collateral to secure public deposits and repurchase agreements, FHLB and FRB borrowing capacity, automated clearing house (“ACH”) transactions and interest rate swaps.
 
For public deposits and repurchase agreements, the Company enters into bilateral agreements with the entity to pledge investment securities as collateral in the event of default. The right of setoff for a repurchase agreement resembles a secured borrowing, whereby the collateral pledged by the Company would be used to settle the fair value of the repurchase agreement should the Company be in default. The counterparty has the right to sell or repledge the investment securities. The Company is required by the counterparty to maintain adequate collateral levels. In the event the collateral fair value falls below stipulated levels, the Company will pledge additional investment securities. For transfers of assets with the FHLB and the FRB, the Company enters into bilateral agreements to pledge loans and investment securities as collateral to secure borrowing capacity. For ACH transactions, the Company enters into bilateral agreements to collateralize possible daylight overdrafts. For interest rate swaps, the Company enters into bilateral agreements to pledge collateral when either party is in a negative fair value position to mitigate counterparty credit risk. Counterparties to ACH transactions, interest rate swaps, the FHLB and the FRB do not have the right to sell or repledge the collateral.
 
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The carrying amounts of the assets pledged as collateral to secure public deposits, borrowing arrangements and other transactions as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	    	March 31, 2017	    	December 31, 2016	 	
Public deposits	 	$	2,529,464	 	$	2,521,761	 	
Federal Home Loan Bank	 	 	2,185,328	 	 	2,097,233	 	
Federal Reserve Bank	 	 	933,655	 	 	935,672	 	
Repurchase agreements	 	 	 —	 	 	10,066	 	
ACH transactions	 	 	152,397	 	 	152,394	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	 	31,219	 	 	30,399	 	
Total	 	$	5,832,063	 	$	5,747,525	 	
 
As the Company did not enter into reverse repurchase agreements, no collateral was accepted as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. In addition, no debt was extinguished by in-substance defeasance. At March 31, 2017, the Company had $670.0 million, $1.7 billion, and $705.6 million in lines of credit available from other U.S. financial institutions, the FHLB, and the FRB, respectively. None of the lines available were drawn upon as of March 31, 2017.
 
As of March 31, 2017, the Company did not have any repurchase agreements.  A disaggregation of the gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements by the class of collateral pledged as of December 31, 2016 was as follows:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements	 	
 	 	Up to	 	 	 	 	Greater than	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	30 days	    	30-90 days	    	90 days	    	Total	 	
Government agency collateralized mortgage obligations	 	$	1,200	 	$	 —	 	$	4,951	 	$	6,151	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities	 	 	 —	 	 	2,000	 	 	1,000	 	 	3,000	 	
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements	 	$	1,200	 	$	2,000	 	$	5,951	 	$	9,151	 	

6. Deposits
 
As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, deposits were categorized as interest-bearing or noninterest-bearing as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	    	March 31, 2017	    	December 31, 2016	 	
U.S.:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-bearing	 	$	10,193,632	 	$	10,129,958	 	
Noninterest-bearing	 	 	5,437,919	 	 	5,399,212	 	
Foreign:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-bearing	 	 	723,999	 	 	671,957	 	
Noninterest-bearing	 	 	582,628	 	 	593,405	 	
Total deposits	 	$	16,938,178	 	$	16,794,532	 	
 
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The following table presents the maturity distribution of time certificates of deposit as of March 31, 2017:

 	 	Under	 	$250,000	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	$250,000	    	or More	    	Total	 	
Three months or less	 	$	210,516	 	$	1,544,506	 	$	1,755,022	 	
Over three through six months	 	 	226,432	 	 	629,105	 	 	855,537	 	
Over six through twelve months	 	 	332,090	 	 	321,986	 	 	654,076	 	
One to two years	 	 	110,471	 	 	114,615	 	 	225,086	 	
Two to three years	 	 	128,127	 	 	39,552	 	 	167,679	 	
Three to four years	 	 	87,470	 	 	41,284	 	 	128,754	 	
Four to five years	 	 	93,886	 	 	37,269	 	 	131,155	 	
Thereafter	 	 	17	 	 	 —	 	 	17	 	
Total	 	$	1,189,009	 	$	2,728,317	 	$	3,917,326	 	
 
Time certificates of deposit in denominations of $250,000 or more, in the aggregate, were $2.7 billion and $2.5 billion as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Overdrawn deposit accounts are classified as loans and totaled $1.8 million and $1.5 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
 
7. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in stockholders’ equity from all transactions other than those with stockholders, and is comprised of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s significant items of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are pension and other benefits, net unrealized gains or losses on investment securities and net unrealized gains or losses on cash flow derivative hedges. Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are presented below:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Income	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 Tax	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Pre-tax	 	Benefit	 	Net of	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Amount	    	(Expense)	    	Tax	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2016	 	$	(145,472)	 	$	57,461	 	$	(88,011)	 	
Three months ended March 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized net gains arising during the period	 	 	1,578	 	 	(621)	 	 	957	 	
Net change in unrealized gains on investment securities	 	 	1,578	 	 	(621)	 	 	957	 	
Cash flow derivative hedges:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized net gains on cash flow derivative hedges arising during the period	 	 	598	 	 	(236)	 	 	362	 	
Net change in unrealized gains on cash flow derivative hedges	 	 	598	 	 	(236)	 	 	362	 	
Other comprehensive income	 	 	2,176	 	 	(857)	 	 	1,319	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31, 2017	 	$	(143,296)	 	$	56,604	 	$	(86,692)	 	

 
 
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 	 	 	 	 	Income	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 Tax	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Pre-tax	 	Benefit	 	Net of	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Amount	    	(Expense)	    	Tax	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2015	 	$	(84,722)	 	$	33,463	 	$	(51,259)	 	
Three months ended March 31, 2016	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment securities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized net gains arising during the period	 	 	80,910	 	 	(31,958)	 	 	48,952	 	
Reclassification of net gains to net income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Investment securities gains, net	 	 	(25,728)	 	 	10,164	 	 	(15,564)	 	
Net change in unrealized gains on investment securities	 	 	55,182	 	 	(21,794)	 	 	33,388	 	
Cash flow derivative hedges:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Unrealized net losses on cash flow derivative hedges arising during the period	 	 	(829)	 	 	327	 	 	(502)	 	
Net change in unrealized losses on cash flow derivative hedges	 	 	(829)	 	 	327	 	 	(502)	 	
Other comprehensive income	 	 	54,353	 	 	(21,467)	 	 	32,886	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss at March 31, 2016	 	$	(30,369)	 	$	11,996	 	$	(18,373)	 	
 
The following table summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the periods indicated:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	  	Unrealized 	  	Total	 	
 	 	Pensions	 	Unrealized 	 	Gains	 	Accumulated	 	
 	 	and	 	Gains (Losses)	 	(Losses) on	 	Other	 	
 	 	Other	 	on Investment	 	Cash Flow	 	Comprehensive	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Benefits	    	Securities	    	Derivative Hedges	    	Loss	 	
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of period	 	$	(30,237)	 	$	(59,958)	 	$	2,184	 	$	(88,011)	 	
Other comprehensive income	 	 	 —	 	 	957	 	 	362	 	 	1,319	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	(30,237)	 	$	(59,001)	 	$	2,546	 	$	(86,692)	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance at beginning of period	 	$	(26,883)	 	$	(25,106)	 	$	730	 	$	(51,259)	 	
Other comprehensive income (loss)	 	 	 —	 	 	33,388	 	 	(502)	 	 	32,886	 	
Balance at end of period	 	$	(26,883)	 	$	8,282	 	$	228	 	$	(18,373)	 	

8. Regulatory Capital Requirements
 
Federal and state laws and regulations limit the amount of dividends the Company may declare or pay. The Company depends primarily on dividends from FHB as the source of funds for the Company’s payment of dividends.
 
The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements imposed by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s and the Bank’s operating activities and financial condition. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of its assets and certain off-balance-sheet items. The capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
 
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”), Tier 1 and total capital to risk-weighted assets, as well as a minimum leverage ratio.
 
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The table below sets forth those ratios at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

 	 	First Hawaiian, Inc.	 	First Hawaiian	 	Minimum	 	Well-	 	
 	 	and Subsidiary	 	Bank	 	Capital	 	Capitalized	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Amount	    	Ratio	    	Amount	    	Ratio	    	Ratio(1)	    	Ratio(1)	 	
March 31, 2017:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	 	$	1,597,194	 	12.78	%  	$	1,555,135	 	12.49	%  	4.50	%  	6.50	%	
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	 	 	1,597,194	 	12.78	%  	 	1,555,135	 	12.49	%  	6.00	%  	8.00	%	
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	 	 	1,733,641	 	13.87	%  	 	1,691,582	 	13.59	%  	8.00	%  	10.00	%	
Tier 1 capital to average assets (leverage ratio)	 	 	1,597,194	 	8.52	%  	 	1,555,135	 	8.31	%  	4.00	%  	5.00	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
December 31, 2016:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	 	$	1,569,004	 	12.75	%  	$	1,533,056	 	12.51	%  	4.50	%  	6.50	%	
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	 	 	1,569,004	 	12.75	%  	 	1,533,063	 	12.51	%  	6.00	%  	8.00	%	
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	 	 	1,705,098	 	13.85	%  	 	1,669,157	 	13.62	%  	8.00	%  	10.00	%	
Tier 1 capital to average assets (leverage ratio)	 	 	1,569,004	 	8.36	%  	 	1,533,063	 	8.19	%  	4.00	%  	5.00	%	

(1)   As defined by the regulations issued by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”).
 
A new capital conservation buffer, comprised of common equity Tier 1 capital, was established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. This capital conservation buffer was phased in beginning January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and will increase each subsequent year by an additional 0.625% until reaching its final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2017, under the bank regulatory capital guidelines, the Company and Bank were both classified as well-capitalized. Management is not aware of any conditions or events that have occurred since March 31, 2017, to change the capital adequacy category of the Company or the Bank.
 
9. Income Taxes
 
The Company’s effective tax rate was 36.89% and 37.63% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
The Company is subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and tax authorities in states in which the Company has significant business operations. The tax years under examination and open for examination vary by jurisdiction. There are currently no federal examinations under way; however, refund claims and tax returns for certain years are being reviewed by state jurisdictions. No material unanticipated adjustments were made by the IRS in the years most recently examined and the Company does not expect significant audit developments in the next 12 months. The Company’s income tax returns for 2013 and subsequent tax years generally remain subject to examination by U.S. federal and state taxing authorities, and 2013 and subsequent years are subject to examination by foreign jurisdictions.
 
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A reconciliation of the amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 	 	Three Months Ended March 31, 	 	
 	 	2017	 	2016	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Interest	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Interest	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	and	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	and	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Tax	  	Penalties	  	Total	  	Tax	  	Penalties	  	Total	 	
Balance at January 1,	 	$	127,085	 	$	9,965	 	$	137,050	 	$	5,903	 	$	2,935	 	$	8,838	 	
Additions for current year tax positions	 	 	199	 	 	 —	 	 	199	 	 	117	 	 	 —	 	 	117	 	
Additions for prior years' tax positions:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accrual of interest and penalties	 	 	 —	 	 	71	 	 	71	 	 	 —	 	 	32	 	 	32	 	
Reductions for prior years' tax positions:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Expiration of statute of limitations	 	 	(127)	 	 	(51)	 	 	(178)	 	 	(176)	 	 	(72)	 	 	(248)	 	
Balance at March 31, 	 	$	127,157	 	$	9,985	 	$	137,142	 	$	5,844	 	$	2,895	 	$	8,739	 	
 
Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, was $10.7 million and $6.5 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.
 
In connection with the Reorganization Transactions discussed above, the Company recorded unrecognized tax benefits and interest and penalties of $121.4 million and $7.0 million, respectively. Included in the balance of the unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2017 was $93.9 million attributable to tax refund claims with respect to tax years 2005 through 2012 in the State of California. Such refund claims were filed by the Company in 2015, on behalf of the Company and its affiliates, including BOW, concerning the determination of taxes for which no benefit is currently recognized. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease within the next 12 months by as much as $107.1 million of taxes and $5.1 million of accrued interest and penalties as a result of settlements and the expiration of the statute of limitations in various states.
 
The Company recognizes interest and penalties attributable to both unrecognized tax benefits and undisputed tax adjustments in the provision for income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded nil and $0.1 million, respectively, of net expense attributable to interest and penalties. The Company had a liability of $12.1 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, accrued for interest and penalties, of which $10.0 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was attributable to unrecognized tax benefits and the remainder was attributable to tax adjustments which are not expected to be in dispute.
 
Prior to the Reorganization Transactions, the Company filed consolidated U.S. Federal and combined state tax returns that incorporated the tax receivables and unrecognized tax benefits of FHB and BOW. The consummation of the Reorganization Transactions did not relieve the Company of the pre-Reorganization Transactions tax receivables and unrecognized tax benefits recognized by BOW that were included in the Company's consolidated and combined tax returns. As a result, on April 1, 2016, the Company recorded $72.8 million related to current tax receivables, $116.6 million related to unrecognized tax benefits, and an indemnification payable of $28.6 million. Additionally, in connection with the Reorganization Transactions, the Company incurred certain tax-related liabilities related to the distribution of its interest in BWHI amounting to $95.4 million. The amount necessary to pay the distribution taxes (net of the expected federal tax benefit of $33.4 million) was paid by BNPP to the Company on April 1, 2016. The Company expects that any future refunds or adjustments to such taxes will be reimbursed to, or funded by, BWHI or its affiliates pursuant to a tax sharing agreement entered into on April 1, 2016 and pursuant to certain tax allocation agreements entered into among the parties. Accordingly, the assumption of the pre-Reorganization Transactions tax receivables, unrecognized tax benefits and distribution tax liabilities and the offsetting indemnification receivables or payables were reflected as equity contributions and distributions on April 1, 2016. If there are any future adjustments to the indemnified tax receivables or unrecognized tax benefits, an offsetting adjustment to the indemnification receivables or payables will be recorded to the provision for income taxes and other noninterest income or expense.

10.  Derivative Financial Instruments
 
The Company enters into derivative contracts primarily to manage its interest rate risk, as well as for customer accommodation purposes. Derivatives used for risk management purposes consist of interest rate swaps that are designated as either a fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. The derivatives are recognized on the unaudited consolidated balance sheets as either assets or liabilities at fair value. Derivatives entered into for customer accommodation purposes consist of
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interest rate lock commitments, various free-standing interest rate derivative products and foreign exchange contracts. The Company is party to master netting arrangements with its financial institution counterparties; however, the Company does not offset assets and liabilities under these arrangements for financial statement presentation purposes.
 
The following table summarizes notional amounts and fair values of derivatives held by the Company as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value	 	 	 	 	Fair Value	 	
 	 	Notional	 	Asset	 	Liability	 	Notional	 	Asset	 	Liability	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Amount	    	Derivatives (1)	    	Derivatives (2)	    	Amount	    	Derivatives (1)	    	Derivatives (2)	 	
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	$	198,181	 	$	 —	 	$	(4,480)	 	$	200,504	 	$	 —	 	$	(5,296)	 	
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	 	1,456,427	 	 	17,629	 	 	(19,693)	 	 	1,297,101	 	 	15,982	 	 	(18,299)	 	
Funding swap	 	 	38,553	 	 	 —	 	 	(6,987)	 	 	37,143	 	 	 —	 	 	(7,460)	 	
Foreign exchange contracts	 	 	4,911	 	 	78	 	 	(20)	 	 	3,664	 	 	 —	 	 	(147)	 	

(1)   The positive fair value of derivative assets is included in other assets.
(2)   The negative fair value of derivative liabilities is included in other liabilities.
 
As of March 31, 2017, the Company pledged $1.3 million in financial instruments and $29.9 million in cash as collateral for interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2016, the Company pledged $12.1 million in financial instruments and $18.3 million in cash as collateral for interest rate swaps.
 
Fair Value Hedges
To manage the risk related to the Company’s net interest margin, interest rate swaps are utilized to hedge certain fixed-rate loans. These swaps have maturity, amortization and prepayment features that correspond to the loans hedged, and are designated and qualify as fair value hedges. Any gain or loss on the swaps, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, is recognized in current period earnings.
 
At March 31, 2017, the Company carried interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $48.2 million with a positive fair value of nil and fair value losses of $1.3 million that were categorized as fair value hedges for commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans. The Company received 6-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and paid fixed rates ranging from 2.59% to 5.70%. The swaps mature between 2017 and 2023. At December 31, 2016, the Company carried interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $50.5 million with a positive fair value of nil and a negative fair value of $1.5 million that were categorized as fair value hedges for commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans.
 
The following table shows the net gains and losses recognized in income related to derivatives in fair value hedging relationships for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Losses recorded in net interest income	 	$	(199)	 	$	(397)	 	
Gains (losses) recorded in noninterest income:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Recognized on derivatives	 	 	219	 	 	(988)	 	
Recognized on hedged item	 	 	(197)	 	 	1,079	 	
Net gains recognized on fair value hedges (ineffective portion)	 	 	22	 	 	91	 	
Net losses recognized on fair value hedges	 	$	(177)	 	$	(306)	 	
 
Cash Flow Hedges
The Company utilizes short-term fixed-rate interest rate swaps to reduce exposure to interest rates associated with short-term fixed-rate liabilities. The Company enters into interest rate swaps paying fixed rates and receiving LIBOR. The LIBOR index will correspond to the short-term fixed-rate nature of the liabilities being hedged. If interest rates rise, the increase in interest received on the swaps will offset increases in interest costs associated with these liabilities. By hedging
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with interest rate swaps, the Company minimizes the adverse impact on interest expense associated with increasing rates on short-term liabilities.
 
The interest rate swaps are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss on the interest rate swaps is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. There were no recognized expenses related to the ineffective portion of the change in fair value of derivatives designated as a cash flow hedge for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company carried two interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $150.0 million, with a negative fair value of $3.2 million as of March 31, 2017 and a negative fair value of $3.8 million as of December 31, 2016, in order to reduce exposure to interest rate increases associated with short-term fixed-rate liabilities. The swaps mature in 2018. The Company received 6-month LIBOR and paid fixed rates ranging from 2.98% to 3.03%. The interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges resulted in net interest expense of $0.6 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
The following table summarizes the effect of cash flow hedging relationships for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Pretax gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income on derivatives (effective portion)	 	$	598	 	$	(829)	 	
 
There were no gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
Free-Standing Derivative Instruments
Free-standing derivative instruments include derivative transactions entered into for risk management purposes that do not otherwise qualify for hedge accounting. Interest rate lock commitments issued on residential mortgage loans intended to be held for sale are considered free-standing derivative instruments. Such commitments are stratified by rates and terms and are valued based on market quotes for similar loans. Adjustments, including discounting the historical fallout rate, are then applied to the estimated fair value. The value of the underlying loan is affected primarily by changes in interest rates and the passage of time. However, changes in investor demand, such as concerns about credit risk, can also cause changes in the spread relationships between the underlying loan value and the derivative financial instruments that cannot be hedged. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company did not have any loans held for sale. As such, there were no interest rate lock commitment derivative instruments as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
 
For the derivatives that are not designated as hedges, changes in fair value are reported in current period earnings. The following table summarizes the impact on pretax earnings of derivatives not designated as hedges, as reported on the unaudited consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016

 	 	Net gains (losses) recognized	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	in the consolidated statements	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	of income line item	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest rate swaps	 	Other noninterest income	 	$	253	 	$	(291)	 	
Funding swap	 	Other noninterest income	 	$	 3	 	$	 —	 	
Foreign exchange contracts	 	Other noninterest income	 	$	205	 	$	40	 	
 
As of March 31, 2017, the Company carried multiple interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $1.5 billion, including $1.4 billion related to the Company’s customer swap program, with a positive fair value of $17.6 million and a negative fair value of $19.7 million. The Company received 1-month and 3-month LIBOR and paid fixed rates ranging from 0.78% to 4.90%. The swaps mature between 2018 and 2037. As of December 31, 2016, the Company carried multiple interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $1.3 billion, including $1.2 billion related to the Company’s customer swap program, with a positive fair value of $16.0 million and a negative fair value of $18.3 million. The Company received
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1-month and 3-month LIBOR and paid fixed rates ranging from 0.77% to 4.90%. The swaps mature between 2018 and 2035. These swaps resulted in net interest expense of $0.3 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
The Company’s customer swap program is designed by offering customers a variable-rate loan that is swapped to fixed-rate through an interest-rate swap. The Company simultaneously executes an offsetting interest-rate swap with a swap dealer. Upfront fees on the dealer swap are recorded to income in the current period, and totaled $3.0 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Interest rate swaps related to the program had equal and offsetting asset and liability fair values of $17.6 million as of March 31, 2017 and $16.0 million as of December 31, 2016.
 
In conjunction with the 2016 sale of Class B shares of common stock issued by Visa, the Company entered into a funding swap agreement with the buyer that requires payment to the buyer in the event Visa reduces each member bank’s Class B conversion ratio to unrestricted Class A common shares. A derivative liability (“Visa derivative”) of $7.0 million and $7.5 million was included in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, to provide for the fair value of this liability. Under the terms of the funding swap agreement, the Company will make monthly payments to the buyer based on Visa’s Class A stock price and the number of Visa Class B restricted shares that were sold until the date on which the covered litigation is settled. There were no previous sales of these shares prior to 2016. See “Note 14. Fair Value” for more information.
 
Counterparty Credit Risk
By using derivatives, the Company is exposed to counterparty credit risk if counterparties to the derivative contracts do not perform as expected. If a counterparty fails to perform, the Company’s counterparty credit risk is equal to the amount reported as a derivative asset, net of cash or other collateral received, and net of derivatives in a loss position with the same counterparty to the extent master netting arrangements exist. The Company minimizes counterparty credit risk through credit approvals, limits, monitoring procedures, executing master netting arrangements and obtaining collateral, where appropriate. Counterparty credit risk related to derivatives is considered in determining fair value.
 
The Company’s interest rate swap agreements include bilateral collateral agreements with collateral thresholds up to $0.5 million. For each counterparty, the Company reviews the interest rate swap collateral daily. Collateral for customer interest rate swap agreements, calculated as pledged property less loans, requires valuation of the property pledged.  Counterparty credit risk adjustments of nil and $0.1 million  were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
11. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
 
Contingencies
On January 27, 2017, a purported class action lawsuit was filed by a Bank customer alleging that FHB improperly charges an overdraft fee in circumstances where an account has sufficient funds to cover the transaction at the time a transaction is authorized by the customer but not at the time the transaction is posted, and that this practice constitutes an unjust and deceptive trade practice. The lawsuit further alleges that FHB’s practice of assessing a one-time continuous negative balance overdraft fee on accounts remaining in a negative balance for a seven-day period constitutes a usurious interest charge and an unfair and deceptive trade practice.
 
This lawsuit is similar to lawsuits filed against other financial institutions pertaining to available balance overdraft fee disclosures and continuing negative balance overdraft fees. Because of the many questions of fact and law that may arise in the future, the outcome of this legal proceeding is uncertain at this point. Based on information available to the Company at present, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of potential loss, if any, for this action because, among other things, its potential liability depends on whether a class is certified and, if so, the composition and size of any such class, the applicable time period at issue, as well as an assessment of the appropriate measure of damages if the Company were to be found liable. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized any liability associated with this action. Management disputes any wrongdoing and the case is being vigorously defended.
 
In addition to the litigation noted above, various other legal proceedings are pending or threatened against the Company. After consultation with legal counsel, management does not expect that the aggregate liability, if any, resulting from these proceedings would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk
The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby and commercial letters of credit which are not reflected in the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
 
Unfunded Commitments to Extend Credit
A commitment to extend credit is a legally binding agreement to lend funds to a customer, usually at a stated interest rate and for a specified purpose. Commitments are reported net of participations sold to other institutions. Such commitments have fixed expiration dates and generally require a fee. The extension of a commitment gives rise to credit risk. The actual liquidity requirements or credit risk that the Company will experience is expected to be lower than the contractual amount of commitments to extend credit because a significant portion of those commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon. Certain commitments are subject to loan agreements containing covenants regarding the financial performance of the customer that must be met before the Company is required to fund the commitment. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments to extend credit as it does in extending loans. In addition, the Company manages the potential credit risk in commitments to extend credit by limiting the total amount of arrangements, both by individual customer and in the aggregate, by monitoring the size and expiration structure of these portfolios and by applying the same credit standards maintained for all of its related credit activities. Commitments to extend credit are reported net of participations sold to other institutions of $92.5 million and $94.5 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
 
Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit
Standby letters of credit are issued on behalf of customers in connection with contracts between the customers and third parties. Under standby letters of credit, the Company assures third parties that it will receive the specified funds if customers fail to meet their contractual obligations. The credit risk to the Company arises from its obligation to make payment in the event of a customer’s contractual default. Standby letters of credit are reported net of participations sold to other institutions of $18.4 million and $19.0 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The Company also had commitments for commercial and similar letters of credit. Commercial letters of credit are issued specifically to facilitate commerce whereby the commitment is typically drawn upon when the underlying transaction between the customer and a third party is consummated. The maximum amount of potential future payments guaranteed by the Company is limited to the contractual amount of these letters. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Collateral held supports those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary. The commitments outstanding as of March 31, 2017 have maturities ranging from April 2017 to December 2019. Substantially all fees received from the issuance of such commitments are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the commitment.
 
Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, were as follows:

 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments to extend credit	 	$	5,143,299	 	$	5,121,811	 	
Standby letters of credit	 	 	65,677	 	 	60,848	 	
Commercial letters of credit	 	 	7,137	 	 	6,813	 	
 
Guarantees
The Company sells residential mortgage loans in the secondary market primarily to The Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA” or “Fannie Mae”) and The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC” or “Freddie Mac”) that may potentially require repurchase under certain conditions. This risk is managed through the Company’s underwriting practices. The Company services loans sold to investors and loans originated by other originators under agreements that may include repurchase remedies if certain servicing requirements are not met. This risk is managed through the Company’s quality assurance and monitoring procedures. Management does not anticipate any material losses as a result of these transactions.
 
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Foreign Exchange Contracts
The Company has forward foreign exchange contracts that represent commitments to purchase or sell foreign currencies at a future date at a specified price. The Company’s utilization of forward foreign exchange contracts is subject to the primary underlying risk of movements in foreign currency exchange rates and to additional counterparty risk should its counterparties fail to meet the terms of their contracts. Forward foreign exchange contracts are utilized to mitigate the Company’s risk to satisfy customer demand for foreign currencies and are not used for trading purposes. See “Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments” for more information.
 
Reorganization Transactions
In connection with the Reorganization Transactions as discussed in Note 1, FHI (formerly BancWest) distributed BWHI (including BOW) to BNPP so that BWHI was held directly by BNPP. BWHI is now held indirectly by BNPP through its intermediate holding company. As a result of the Reorganization Transactions that occurred on April 1, 2016, various tax or other contingent liabilities could arise related to the business of BOW, or related to the Company’s operations prior to the restructuring when it was known as BancWest, including its then-wholly-owned subsidiary, BOW. The Company is not able to determine the ultimate outcome or estimate the amounts of these contingent liabilities, if any, at this time.
 
12. Earnings per Share
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company made no adjustments to net income for the purpose of computing earnings per share and there were no antidilutive securities. For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Numerator:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	56,740	 	$	65,531	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Denominator:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic: weighted-average shares outstanding	 	 	139,545,728	 	 	139,459,620	 	
Add: weighted-average equity-based awards	 	 	91,682	 	 	 —	 	
Diluted: weighted-average shares outstanding	 	 	139,637,410	 	 	139,459,620	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Basic earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.47	 	
Diluted earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.47	 	

13. Benefit Plans
 
The following table sets forth the components of net periodic benefit cost for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, recorded as a component of salaries and employee benefits in the unaudited consolidated statements of income:

 	 	Pension Benefits	 	Other Benefits	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	    	2017	    	2016	
Three Months Ended March 31, 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Service cost	 	$	158	 	$	215	 	$	179	 	$	192	
Interest cost	 	 	2,041	 	 	2,157	 	 	201	 	 	210	
Expected return on plan assets	 	 	(1,242)	 	 	(1,171)	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	
Prior service credit	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	(107)	 	 	(107)	
Recognized net actuarial loss	 	 	1,999	 	 	1,771	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	
Total net periodic benefit cost	 	$	2,956	 	$	2,972	 	$	273	 	$	295	

14. Fair Value
 
The Company determines the fair values of its financial instruments based on the requirements established in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820,  Fair Value Measurements , which provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of
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unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exit price, the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions.
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
ASC 820 establishes three levels of fair values based on the markets in which the assets or liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. The levels are: 
 
 	§	 	Level 1:  Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.	

 	§	 	Level 2:  Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.	

 	§	 	Level 3:  Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (“Company-level data”). Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.	
 
ASC 820 requires that the Company disclose estimated fair values for certain financial instruments. Financial instruments include such items as investment securities, loans, deposits, interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, interest rate swaps and other instruments as defined by the standard. The Company has an organized and established process for determining and reviewing the fair value of financial instruments reported in the Company’s financial statements. The fair value measurements are reviewed to ensure they are reasonable and in line with market experience in similar asset and liability classes.
 
Additionally, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as other real estate owned, other customer relationships, and other intangible assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve the application of lower-of-cost-or-fair-value accounting or write-downs of individual assets.
 
Disclosure of fair values is not required for certain items such as lease financing, obligations for pension and other postretirement benefits, premises and equipment, prepaid expenses, and income tax assets and liabilities.
 
Reasonable comparisons of fair value information with that of other financial institutions cannot necessarily be made because the standard permits many alternative calculation techniques, and numerous assumptions have been used to estimate the Company’s fair values.
 
Valuation Techniques Used in the Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities Carried at Fair Value
For the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (categorized in the valuation hierarchy table below), the Company applies the following valuation techniques:
 
Available-for-sale securities
Available-for-sale debt securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based on quoted prices, including estimates by third-party pricing services, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using proprietary valuation models that utilize market observable parameters from active market makers and inter-dealer brokers whereby securities are valued based upon available market data for securities with similar characteristics. Management reviews the pricing information received from the Company’s third-party pricing service to evaluate the inputs and valuation methodologies used to place securities into the appropriate level of the fair value hierarchy and transfers of securities within the fair value hierarchy are made if necessary. On a monthly basis, management reviews the pricing information received from the third-party pricing service which includes a comparison to non-binding third-party broker quotes, as well as a review of market-related conditions impacting the information provided by the third-party pricing service. Management also identifies investment securities which may have traded in illiquid or inactive markets by identifying instances of a significant decrease in the volume or frequency of trades, relative to historical levels, as well as instances of a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, management did not make adjustments to prices provided by the third-party pricing services as a result of illiquid or inactive markets. The Company’s third-party pricing service has also established processes for the
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Company to submit inquiries regarding quoted prices. Periodically, the Company will challenge the quoted prices provided by the third-party pricing service. The Company’s third-party pricing service will review the inputs to the evaluation in light of the new market data presented by the Company. The Company’s third-party pricing service may then affirm the original quoted price or may update the evaluation on a going forward basis. The Company classifies all available-for-sale securities as Level 2.
 
Derivatives
Most of the Company’s derivatives are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For those derivatives, the Company measures fair value on a recurring basis using proprietary valuation models that primarily use market observable inputs, such as yield curves, and option volatilities. The fair value of derivatives includes values associated with counterparty credit risk and the Company’s own credit standing. The Company classifies these derivatives, included in other assets and other liabilities, as Level 2.
 
Concurrent with the sale of the Visa Class B restricted shares, the Company entered into an agreement with the buyer that requires payment to the buyer in the event Visa reduces each member bank’s Class B conversion ratio to unrestricted Class A common shares. The Visa derivative of $7.0 million and $7.5 million was included in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, to provide for the fair value of this liability. The potential liability related to the funding swap agreement was determined based on management’s estimate of the timing and the amount of Visa’s litigation settlement and the resulting payments due to the counterparty under the terms of the contract. As such, the funding swap agreement is classified as Level 3. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s derivative liability are the potential future changes in the conversion factor, expected term and growth rate of the market price of Visa Class A common shares. Material increases or (decreases) in any of those inputs may result in a significantly higher or (lower) fair value measurement.
 
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized below:

 	    	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Quoted Prices in	 	Significant	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Active Markets for	 	Other	 	Significant	 	 	 	
 	 	Identical Assets	 	Observable	 	Unobservable	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	(Level 1)	    	Inputs (Level 2)	    	Inputs (Level 3)	    	Total	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. Treasury securities	 	$	 —	 	$	393,811	 	$	 —	 	$	393,811	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises debt securities	 	 	 —	 	 	243,267	 	 	 —	 	 	243,267	 	
Government agency mortgage-backed securities  (1)	 	 	 —	 	 	175,536	 	 	 —	 	 	175,536	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities  (1)	 	 	 —	 	 	196,315	 	 	 —	 	 	196,315	 	
Non-government asset-backed securities	 	 	 —	 	 	8,034	 	 	 —	 	 	8,034	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	 —	 	 	3,393,256	 	 	 —	 	 	3,393,256	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	 —	 	 	850,043	 	 	 —	 	 	850,043	 	
Total available-for-sale securities	 	 	 —	 	 	5,260,262	 	 	 —	 	 	5,260,262	 	
Other assets (2)	 	 	 —	 	 	17,707	 	 	 —	 	 	17,707	 	
Liabilities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other liabilities (3)	 	 	 —	 	 	(24,193)	 	 	(6,987)	 	 	(31,180)	 	
Total	 	$	 —	 	$	5,253,776	 	$	(6,987)	 	$	5,246,789	 	

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 	    	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Quoted Prices in	 	Significant	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Active Markets for	 	Other	 	Significant	 	 	 	
 	 	Identical Assets	 	Observable	 	Unobservable	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	(Level 1)	    	Inputs (Level 2)	    	Inputs (Level 3)	    	Total	 	
Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. Treasury securities	 	$	 —	 	$	392,473	 	$	 —	 	$	392,473	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises debt securities	 	 	 —	 	 	242,667	 	 	 —	 	 	242,667	 	
Government agency mortgage-backed securities  (1)	 	 	 —	 	 	185,663	 	 	 —	 	 	185,663	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities  (1)	 	 	 —	 	 	204,385	 	 	 —	 	 	204,385	 	
Non-government asset-backed securities	 	 	 —	 	 	12,583	 	 	 —	 	 	12,583	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	 —	 	 	3,351,822	 	 	 —	 	 	3,351,822	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	 —	 	 	687,921	 	 	 —	 	 	687,921	 	
Total available-for-sale securities	 	 	 —	 	 	5,077,514	 	 	 —	 	 	5,077,514	 	
Other assets (2)	 	 	 —	 	 	15,982	 	 	 —	 	 	15,982	 	
Liabilities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other liabilities (3)	 	 	 —	 	 	(23,742)	 	 	(7,460)	 	 	(31,202)	 	
Total	 	$	 —	 	$	5,069,754	 	$	(7,460)	 	$	5,062,294	 	

(1)   Backed by residential real estate.
(2)   Other assets include derivative assets.
(3)   Other liabilities include derivative liabilities.
 
Changes in Fair Value Levels
For any transfers in and out of the levels of the fair value hierarchy, the Company discloses the fair value measurement at the beginning of the reporting period during which the transfer occurred. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and during the year ended December 31, 2016,  there were no transfers between levels.  
 
The changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized in the table below.

 	 	Visa Derivative	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2017	    	2016	 	
Three Months Ended March 31, 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Balance as of January 1,	 	$	(7,460)	 	$	 —	 	
Total net gains included in other noninterest income	 	 	 3	 	 	 —	 	
Purchases	 	 	 —	 	 	(8,875)	 	
Settlements	 	 	470	 	 	47	 	
Balance as of March 31, 	 	$	(6,987)	 	$	(8,828)	 	
Total net gains included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to liabilities still held as of March 31, 	 	$	 3	 	$	 —	 	
 
Valuation Techniques Used in the Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities Carried at Other Than Fair Value
For the financial instruments that are not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis (categorized in the valuation hierarchy table below), the Company uses the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value:
 
Short-term financial assets
Short-term financial assets include cash and due from banks, including Federal funds sold and accrued interest receivable. The carrying amount is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value because there is a relatively short duration of time between the origination of the instrument and its expected realization. As such, these short-term financial assets are classified as Level 1. Fair values of fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities. Accordingly, these assets are classified as Level 2.
 
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Loans
Fair values are estimated for pools of loans with similar characteristics using discounted cash flow analyses. The Company utilizes interest rates currently being offered for groups of loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality to estimate the fair values of: (1) commercial and industrial loans; (2) certain mortgage loans, including 1-4 family residential, commercial real estate and rental property; and (3) consumer loans. As such, loans are classified as Level 3.
 
Deposits
The fair value of deposits with no maturity date, such as interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing checking, regular savings, and certain types of money market savings accounts, approximate their carrying amounts, the amounts payable on demand at the reporting date. Accordingly, these are classified as Level 1. Fair values of fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities. Accordingly, these are classified as Level 2.
 
Short-term borrowings
The fair values of short-term borrowings are estimated using quoted market prices or discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. As such, short-term borrowings are classified as Level 2.
 
Off-balance sheet instruments
Fair values of letters of credit and commitments to extend credit are determined based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. As such, off-balance sheet financial instruments are classified as Level 3.
 
Assets and Liabilities Carried at Other Than Fair Value
The following tables summarize for the periods indicated the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments that are not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding leases and short-term financial assets and liabilities for which carrying amounts approximate fair value. The tables also summarize the fair values of the Company’s off-balance sheet commitments, excluding lease commitments.

 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Quoted Prices in	 	Significant	 	Significant	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Active Markets	 	Other	 	Unobservable	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	for Identical	 	Observable	 	Inputs	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Book Value	    	Assets (Level 1)	    	Inputs (Level 2)	    	(Level 3)	    	Total	 	
Financial assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Short-term financial assets	 	$	777,612	 	$	249,953	 	$	527,659	 	$	 —	 	$	777,612	 	
Loans (1)	 	 	11,613,140	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	11,526,427	 	 	11,526,427	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Financial liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deposits	 	$	16,938,178	 	$	13,020,852	 	$	3,909,911	 	$	 —	 	$	16,930,763	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Off-balance sheet financial instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments to extend credit  (2)	 	$	16,890	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	16,890	 	$	16,890	 	
Standby letters of credit	 	 	952	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	952	 	 	952	 	
Commercial letters of credit	 	 	18	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	18	 	 	18	 	

(1)   Excludes financing leases of $168.4 million at March 31, 2017.
(2)   There were no lease commitments at March 31, 2017.
 
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 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Fair Value Measurements	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Quoted Prices in	 	Significant	 	Significant	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Active Markets	 	Other	 	Unobservable	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	for Identical	 	Observable	 	Inputs	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Book Value	    	Assets (Level 1)	    	Inputs (Level 2)	    	(Level 3)	    	Total	 	
Financial assets:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Short-term financial assets	 	$	1,052,058	 	$	253,827	 	$	798,226	 	$	 —	 	$	1,052,053	 	
Loans (1)	 	 	11,340,338	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	11,306,675	 	 	11,306,675	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Financial liabilities:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Deposits	 	$	16,794,532	 	$	13,055,935	 	$	3,730,945	 	$	 —	 	$	16,786,880	 	
Short-term borrowings	 	 	9,151	 	 	 —	 	 	9,109	 	 	 —	 	 	9,109	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Off-balance sheet financial instruments:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commitments to extend credit  (2)	 	$	20,677	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	20,677	 	$	20,677	 	
Standby letters of credit	 	 	876	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	876	 	 	876	 	
Commercial letters of credit	 	 	17	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 	17	 	 	17	 	

(1)   Excludes financing leases of $180.0 million at December 31, 2016.
(2)   There were no lease commitments at December 31, 2016.
 
Valuation Techniques Used in the Fair Value Measurement of Assets and Liabilities Carried at the Lower of Cost or Fair Value
The Company applies the following valuation techniques to assets measured at the lower of cost or fair value:
 
Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”)
MSRs are carried at the lower of cost or fair value and are therefore subject to fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value of MSRs is determined using models which use significant unobservable inputs, such as estimates of prepayment rates, the resultant weighted average lives of the MSRs and the option-adjusted spread levels. Accordingly, the Company classifies MSRs as Level 3.
 
Impaired loans
A large portion of the Company’s impaired loans are collateral dependent and are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using collateral values as a practical expedient. The fair values of collateral for impaired loans are primarily based on real estate appraisal reports prepared by third party appraisers less disposition costs, present value of the expected future cash flows or the loan’s observable market price. Certain loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective rate, which is not a fair value measurement. The Company measures the impairment on certain loans and leases by performing a lower-of-cost-or-fair-value analysis. If impairment is determined by the value of the collateral or an observable market price, it is written down to fair value on a nonrecurring basis as Level 3.
 
Other real estate owned
The Company values these properties at fair value at the time the Company acquires them, which establishes their new cost basis. After acquisition, the Company carries such properties at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated selling costs on a nonrecurring basis. Fair value is measured on a nonrecurring basis using collateral values as a practical expedient. The fair values of collateral for other real estate owned are primarily based on real estate appraisal reports prepared by third party appraisers less disposition costs, and are classified as Level 3.
 
Standby letters of credit
The Company recognizes a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing a standby letter of credit at the inception of the guarantee. These liabilities are disclosed at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Thereafter, these liabilities are carried at amortized cost. The fair value is based on the commission the Company receives when entering into the guarantee. As Company-level data is incorporated into the fair value measurement, the liability for standby letters of credit is classified as Level 3.
 
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Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Company may be required to record certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments that result from the application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets to fair value.
 
The following table provides the level of valuation inputs used to determine each fair value adjustment and the fair value of the related individual assets or portfolio of assets with fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

 	    	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	Level 1	    	Level 2	    	Level 3	 	
March 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impaired loans	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	
December 31, 2016	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Impaired loans	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	$	1,567	 	
 
Total losses of impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
 
For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

 	 	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Significant	 	Range	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	Fair value	    	Valuation Technique	    	Unobservable Input	    	(Weighted Average)	 	
Other liabilities	 	$	(6,987)	 	Discounted Cash Flow	 	Expected Conversion Factor	 	1.6483	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Expected Term	 	4 years	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Growth Rate	 	15%	 	

 	 	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Range	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	Fair value	    	Valuation Technique	    	Unobservable Input	    	(Weighted Average)	 	
Impaired loans	 	$	1,567	 	Appraisal Value	 	Appraisal Value	 	n/m (1)	 	
Other liabilities	 	$	(7,460)	 	Discounted Cash Flow	 	Expected Conversion Factor	 	1.6483	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Expected Term	 	4 years	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Growth Rate	 	15%	 	

 	(1)	 	The fair value of these assets is determined based on appraised values of collateral or broker price opinions, the range of which is not meaningful to disclose.   	
 
15. Reportable Operating Segments
 
The Company’s operations are organized into three business segments – Retail Banking, Commercial Banking, and Treasury and Other. These segments reflect how discrete financial information is currently evaluated by the chief operating decision maker and how performance is assessed and resources allocated. The Company’s internal management process measures the performance of these business segments. This process, which is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution, uses various techniques to assign balance sheet and income statement amounts to the business segments, including allocations of income, expense, the provision for credit losses, and capital. This process is dynamic and requires certain allocations based on judgment and other subjective factors. Unlike financial accounting, there is no comprehensive authoritative guidance for management accounting that is equivalent to GAAP.
 
The net interest income of the business segments reflects the results of a funds transfer pricing process that matches assets and liabilities with similar interest rate sensitivity and maturity characteristics and reflects the allocation of net interest income related to the Company’s overall asset and liability management activities on a proportionate basis. The basis for the allocation of net interest income is a function of the Company’s assumptions that are subject to change based on changes in current interest rates and market conditions. Funds transfer pricing also serves to transfer interest rate risk to Treasury. 
 
The Company allocates the provision for loan and lease losses to each segment based on management’s estimate of the inherent loss content in each of the specific loan and lease portfolios.
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Noninterest income and expense includes allocations from support units to the business segments. These allocations are based on actual usage where practicably calculated or by management’s estimate of such usage. Income tax expense is allocated to each business segment based on the consolidated effective income tax rate for the period shown.
 
Business Segments
Retail Banking
Retail Banking offers a broad range of financial products and services to consumers and small businesses. Loan and lease products offered include residential and commercial mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, automobile loans and leases, personal lines of credit, installment loans and small business loans and leases. Deposit products offered include checking, savings, and time deposit accounts. Retail Banking also offers wealth management services. Products and services from Retail Banking are delivered to customers through 62 banking locations throughout the State of Hawaii, Guam, and Saipan.
 
Commercial Banking
Commercial Banking offers products that include corporate banking, residential and commercial real estate loans, commercial lease financing, auto dealer financing, deposit products and credit cards. Commercial lending and deposit products are offered primarily to middle-market and large companies locally, nationally, and internationally.
 
Treasury and Other
Treasury consists of corporate asset and liability management activities including interest rate risk management. The segment’s assets and liabilities (and related interest income and expense) consist of interest-bearing deposits, investment securities, federal funds sold and purchased, government deposits, short and long-term borrowings and bank-owned properties. The primary sources of noninterest income are from bank-owned life insurance, net gains from the sale of investment securities, foreign exchange income related to customer-driven currency requests from merchants and island visitors and management of bank-owned properties. The net residual effect of the transfer pricing of assets and liabilities is included in Treasury, along with the elimination of intercompany transactions.
 
Other organizational units (Technology, Operations, Credit and Risk Management, Human Resources, Finance, Administration, Marketing, and Corporate and Regulatory Administration) provide a wide-range of support to the Company’s other income earning segments. Expenses incurred by these support units are charged to the business segments through an internal cost allocation process.
 
The following table presents selected business segment financial information for the periods indicated:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Treasury	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Retail	 	Commercial	 	and	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Banking	    	Banking	    	Other	    	Total	 	
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net interest income (expense)	 	$	105,701	 	$	27,533	 	$	(3,889)	 	$	129,345	 	
Provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	(1,663)	 	 	(2,837)	 	 	 —	 	 	(4,500)	 	
Net interest income (expense) after provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	104,038	 	 	24,696	 	 	(3,889)	 	 	124,845	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noninterest income	 	 	23,619	 	 	17,570	 	 	8,218	 	 	49,407	 	
Noninterest expense	 	 	(55,240)	 	 	(15,049)	 	 	(14,050)	 	 	(84,339)	 	
Income (loss) before (provision) benefit for income taxes	 	 	72,417	 	 	27,217	 	 	(9,721)	 	 	89,913	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
(Provision) benefit for income taxes	 	 	(26,733)	 	 	(10,034)	 	 	3,594	 	 	(33,173)	 	
Net income (loss)	 	$	45,684	 	$	17,183	 	$	(6,127)	 	$	56,740	 	

 
 
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 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Treasury	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Retail	 	Commercial	 	and	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Banking	    	Banking	    	Other	    	Total	 	
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net interest income (expense)	 	$	102,425	 	$	27,593	 	$	(12,706)	 	$	117,312	 	
Provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	(256)	 	 	(444)	 	 	 —	 	 	(700)	 	
Net interest income (expense) after provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	102,169	 	 	27,149	 	 	(12,706)	 	 	116,612	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noninterest income	 	 	23,630	 	 	16,348	 	 	33,541	 	 	73,519	 	
Noninterest expense	 	 	(55,136)	 	 	(11,778)	 	 	(18,150)	 	 	(85,064)	 	
Income before provision for income taxes	 	 	70,663	 	 	31,719	 	 	2,685	 	 	105,067	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	(26,988)	 	 	(12,096)	 	 	(452)	 	 	(39,536)	 	
Net income	 	$	43,675	 	$	19,623	 	$	2,233	 	$	65,531	 	

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ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
 
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the documents incorporated by reference herein, contains, and from time to time our management may make, forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  These forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to, among other things, future events and our financial performance. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “predict,” “potential,” “believe,” “expect,” “continue,” “will,” “anticipate,” “seek,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection,” “would,” “annualized” and “outlook,” or the negative version of those words or other comparable words or phrases of a future or forward-looking nature. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, and are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs and certain assumptions made by management, many of which, by their nature, are inherently uncertain and beyond our control. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
 
A number of important factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including the following: the geographic concentration of our business; current and future economic and market conditions in the U.S. generally or in Hawaii, Guam and Saipan in particular; the effect of the current low interest rate environment or changes in interest rates on our net interest income, net interest margin, the fair value of our investment securities, and our mortgage loan originations, mortgage servicing rights and mortgage loans held for sale; our inability to receive dividends from our bank, pay dividends to our common stockholders and satisfy obligations as they become due; the effects of geopolitical instability, including war, terrorist attacks, pandemics and man-made and natural disasters; our ability to maintain our bank's reputation; our ability to attract and retain skilled employees or changes in our management personnel; our ability to effectively compete with other financial services companies and the effects of competition in the financial services industry on our business; our ability to successfully develop and commercialize new or enhanced products and services; changes in the demand for our products and services; the effectiveness of our risk management and internal disclosure controls and procedures; any failure or interruption of our information and communications systems; our ability to identify and address cybersecurity risks; our ability to keep pace with technological changes; our ability to attract and retain customer deposits; the effects of problems encountered by other financial institutions; our access to sources of liquidity and capital to address our liquidity needs; fluctuations in the fair value of our assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet exposures; the effects of the failure of any component of our business infrastructure provided by a third party; the impact of, and changes in, applicable laws, regulations and accounting standards and policies; possible changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies of, and other activities undertaken by, governments, agencies, central banks and similar organizations; our likelihood of success in, and the impact of, litigation or regulatory actions; market perceptions associated with our separation from BNP Paribas (“BNPP”) and other aspects of our business; contingent liabilities and unexpected tax liabilities that may be applicable to us as a result of the Reorganization Transactions, as discussed below; the effect of BNPP’s beneficial ownership of our outstanding common stock and the control it retains over our business; our ability to retain service providers to perform oversight or control functions or services that have otherwise been performed in the past by affiliates of BNPP; the one-time and incremental costs of operating as a stand-alone public company; our ability to meet our obligations as a public company, including our obligations under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; and damage to our reputation from any of the factors described above.
 
The foregoing factors should not be considered an exhaustive list and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
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Company Overview
 
First Hawaiian, Inc. (“FHI” or the “Parent”) is a bank holding company incorporated in the state of Delaware and headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Parent’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, First Hawaiian Bank (“FHB” or the “Bank”), was founded in 1858 under the name Bishop & Company and was the first successful banking partnership in the Kingdom of Hawaii and the second oldest bank formed west of the Mississippi River. Today, FHB is the largest full-service bank headquartered in Hawaii. The Bank operates its business through three operating segments: Retail Banking, Commercial Banking, and Treasury and Other.
 
References to “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” refer to the Parent and its subsidiary that are consolidated for financial reporting purposes.
 
Reorganization Transactions
 
In connection with FHI’s initial public offering (“IPO”) in August 2016, in which BNPP sold approximately 17% of its interest in FHI, BNPP announced its intent to sell a controlling interest in FHI, including its wholly-owned subsidiary FHB, over time, subject to market conditions and other considerations. On April 1, 2016, a series of reorganization transactions (the “Reorganization Transactions”) were undertaken to facilitate the IPO. As part of the Reorganization Transactions, FHI, which was then known as BancWest Corporation (“BancWest”), formed a new bank holding company, BancWest Holding Inc. (“BWHI”), a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of BancWest, and contributed 100% of its interest in Bank of the West (“BOW”), as well as other assets and liabilities not related to FHB, to BWHI. Following the contribution of BOW to BWHI, BancWest distributed its interest in BWHI to BNPP. After the Reorganization Transactions, the continuing business of BancWest consisted of its investment in FHB and the financial operations, assets, and liabilities of BancWest related to FHB. BancWest, the sole, direct owner of FHB following the Reorganization Transactions, changed its name to “First Hawaiian, Inc.”
 
On July 1, 2016, in order to comply with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System’s requirement (under Regulation YY) applicable to BNPP that a foreign banking organization with $50 billion or more in U.S. non-branch assets as of June 30, 2015 establish a U.S. intermediate holding company and hold its interest in the substantial majority of its U.S. subsidiaries through the intermediate holding company by July 1, 2016, FHI became an indirect subsidiary of BNP Paribas USA, Inc. (“BNP Paribas USA”), BNPP’s U.S. intermediate holding company. As part of that reorganization, BNPP effected the sale of all shares of FHI to a direct subsidiary of BNP Paribas USA, BancWest Corporation (“BWC”).
 
Public Offerings and Separation from BNPP
 
On August 4, 2016, FHI’s common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “FHB”. On August 9, 2016, the IPO of 24,250,000 shares of FHI common stock, which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 3,163,043 shares, at $23.00 per share was completed. On February 17, 2017, a secondary offering of 28,750,000 shares of FHI common stock, which included the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 3,750,000 shares, at $32.00 per share was completed. FHI did not receive any of the proceeds from the sales of shares by BNPP. Following the secondary offering and exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in February 2017, BNPP beneficially owned approximately 62% of FHI’s common stock. BNPP continued to beneficially own approximately 62% of FHI’s common stock as of March 31, 2017.
 
We entered into a transitional services agreement with BNPP, BWHI, BOW and FHB (the “Transitional Services Agreement”) pursuant to which BNPP, BWHI and BOW will continue to provide us with certain services they currently provide to us either directly or on a pass-through basis, and we have agreed to continue to provide, or arrange to provide, BNPP, BWHI and BOW with certain services currently provided to them, either directly or on a pass-through basis. The Transitional Services Agreement will terminate on December 31, 2018, although the provision of certain services will terminate on earlier dates. In connection with our transition to a stand-alone public company and our separation from BNPP, we expect to incur incremental ongoing and one-time expenses of between $12.3 million and $17.0 million in the aggregate per year for the years ending December 31, 2017 and 2018. We expect our incremental ongoing costs to include those incurred under the Transitional Services Agreement, as well as increases in audit fees, insurance premiums, employee salaries and benefits (including stock-based compensation expenses for employees and non-employee directors) and consulting fees. Our estimates also include cost increases that we expect to result from the higher pricing of services by third-party vendors whose future contracts with us do not reflect BOW volumes or the benefits of BNPP bargaining power. Our one-time expenses incurred in connection with our IPO included professional fees, consulting fees and certain filing
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and listing fees. In addition, once we are no longer subject to the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”) process, we expect our stress testing-related compliance costs to increase incrementally as we will continue to require certain services for our Dodd-Frank Act Stress Testing (“DFAST”) process and the expenses associated with those services will no longer be reimbursed by BNPP. The actual amount of the incremental expenses we will incur as a stand-alone public company and as part of our separation from BNPP may be higher, perhaps significantly, from our current estimates for a number of reasons, including, among others, the final terms we are able to negotiate with service providers prior to the termination of the Transitional Services Agreement, as well as additional costs we may incur that we have not currently anticipated.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company reflected the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of FHI and its wholly-owned subsidiary, FHB. Intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and accompanying notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. 
 
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
Hawaii Economy
 
Hawaii’s economy continued its strong performance into the early months of 2017, led in large part by strong tourism and construction industries. Visitor arrivals for the two months ended February 28, 2017 increased by 3.3% compared to the same period in 2016, and total visitor spending for the two months ended February 28, 2017 increased by 9.0% compared to the same period in 2016 according to the Hawaii Tourism Authority. Visitor arrivals and spending increased, in particular, from Japanese and U.S. mainland visitors. Construction activity in Hawaii remained strong for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The value of new building permits issued for the three months ended March 31, 2017 was 32% higher as compared to the same period in 2016 according to the City and County of Honolulu – Department of Planning and Permitting. Construction jobs also remained relatively unchanged in March 2017 as compared to the same period in 2016 according to the Hawaii State Department of Labor & Industrial Relations. The statewide seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate was 2.7% in March 2017 compared to 3.1% for the same period in 2016, according to the Hawaii State Department of Labor & Industrial Relations. The national seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate was 4.5% in March 2017 compared to 5.0% for the same period in 2016. With regards to housing, the volume of single-family home sales on Oahu increased by 1.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016, while the volume of condominium sales on Oahu increased by 7.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016, according to the Honolulu Board of Realtors. The median price of single-family home sales on Oahu was $750,000 for three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 3.5% compared to the same period in 2016. The median price of condominium sales on Oahu was $390,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 2.6% compared to the same period in 2016. As of March 31, 2017, months of inventory of single family homes and condominiums on Oahu both remained low at approximately 2.7 months.

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Financial Highlights
 
Our financial highlights for the periods indicated are presented in Table 1:

Financial Highlights	 	 	 	 	Table 1	 	
 	 	For the Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	    	2017	    	2016	    	
Income Statement Data:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest income	 	$	136,921	 	$	123,812	 	
Interest expense	 	 	7,576	 	 	6,500	 	
Net interest income	 	 	129,345	 	 	117,312	 	
Provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	4,500	 	 	700	 	
Net interest income after provision for loan and lease losses	 	 	124,845	 	 	116,612	 	
Noninterest income	 	 	49,407	 	 	73,519	 	
Noninterest expense	 	 	84,339	 	 	85,064	 	
Income before provision for income taxes	 	 	89,913	 	 	105,067	 	
Provision for income taxes	 	 	33,173	 	 	39,536	 	
Net income	 	$	56,740	 	$	65,531	 	
Basic earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.47	 	
Diluted earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.47	 	
Basic weighted-average outstanding shares	 	 	139,545,728	 	 	139,459,620	 	
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares	 	 	139,637,410	 	 	139,459,620	 	
Dividend payout ratio	 	 	53.66	%	 	 —	%	
Supplemental Income Statement Data (non-GAAP) (1):	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Core net interest income	 	$	129,345	 	$	117,312	 	
Core noninterest income	 	 	49,407	 	 	47,791	 	
Core noninterest expense	 	 	83,955	 	 	82,517	 	
Core net income	 	 	56,982	 	 	51,073	 	
Core basic earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.37	 	
Core diluted earnings per share	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.37	 	
Other Financial Information / Performance Ratios:(2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net interest margin	 	 	3.00	%	 	2.77	%	
Core net interest margin (non-GAAP) (1),(3)	 	 	3.00	%	 	2.77	%	
Efficiency ratio	 	 	47.18	%	 	44.57	%	
Core efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) (1),(4)	 	 	46.96	%	 	49.98	%	
Return on average total assets	 	 	1.16	%	 	1.37	%	
Core return on average total assets (non-GAAP) (1),(5)	 	 	1.17	%	 	1.06	%	
Return on average tangible assets (non-GAAP) (1),(10)	 	 	1.23	%	 	1.44	%	
Core return on average tangible assets (non-GAAP) (1),(6)	 	 	1.23	%	 	1.12	%	
Return on average total stockholders' equity	 	 	9.25	%	 	9.52	%	
Core return on average total stockholders' equity (non-GAAP) (1),(7)	 	 	9.29	%	 	7.42	%	
Return on average tangible stockholders' equity (non-GAAP) (10)	 	 	15.41	%	 	14.86	%	
Core return on average tangible stockholders' equity (non-GAAP) (1),(8)	 	 	15.48	%	 	11.58	%	
Noninterest expense to average assets	 	 	1.73	%	 	1.77	%	
Core noninterest expense to average assets (non-GAAP) (1),(9)	 	 	1.72	%	 	1.72	%	

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 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
 	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Balance Sheet Data:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Loans and leases	 	$	11,781,496	 	$	11,520,378	 	
Allowance for loan and lease losses	 	 	135,847	 	 	135,494	 	
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	 	 	527,659	 	 	798,231	 	
Investment securities	 	 	5,260,262	 	 	5,077,514	 	
Goodwill	 	 	995,492	 	 	995,492	 	
Total assets	 	 	19,792,785	 	 	19,661,829	 	
Total deposits	 	 	16,938,178	 	 	16,794,532	 	
Total liabilities	 	 	17,286,791	 	 	17,185,344	 	
Total stockholders' equity	 	 	2,505,994	 	 	2,476,485	 	
Book value per share	 	$	17.96	 	$	17.75	 	
Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) (10)	 	$	10.82	 	$	10.61	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Asset Quality Ratios:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-accrual loans and leases / total loans and leases	 	 	0.06	%	 	0.08	%	
Allowance for loan and lease losses / total loans and leases	 	 	1.15	%	 	1.18	%	
Net charge-offs / average total loans and leases  (2)	 	 	0.15	%	 	0.08	%	

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
Capital Ratios:	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	 	  	12.78	%	  	12.75	%	
Tier 1 Capital Ratio	 	 	12.78	%	 	12.75	%	
Total Capital Ratio	 	 	13.87	%	 	13.85	%	
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	 	 	8.52	%	 	8.36	%	
Total stockholders' equity to total assets	 	 	12.66	%	 	12.60	%	
Tangible stockholders' equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP) (10)	 	 	8.04	%	 	7.93	%	
 
(1)  We present net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense, net income, earnings per share and the related ratios described below, on an adjusted, or ‘‘core,’’ basis, each a non-GAAP financial measure. These core measures exclude from the corresponding GAAP measure the impact of certain items that we do not believe are representative of our financial results. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP measures helps identify underlying trends in our business from period to period that could otherwise be distorted by the effect of certain expenses, gains and other items included in our operating results. We believe that these core measures provide useful information about our operating results and enhance the overall understanding of our past performance and future performance. Investors should consider our performance and financial condition as reported under GAAP and all other relevant information when assessing our performance or financial condition. Non-GAAP measures have limitations as analytical tools and investors should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results or financial condition as reported under GAAP.
 
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The following table provides a reconciliation of net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense and net income to their “core” non-GAAP financial measures:

GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation	 	 	 	Table 2	 	
 	 	As of and for the	 	
 	 	three months ended March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Net interest income	 	$	129,345	 	$	117,312	 	
Core net interest income (non-GAAP)	 	$	129,345	 	$	117,312	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noninterest income	 	$	49,407	 	$	73,519	 	
Gains on sale of securities	 	 	 —	 	 	(3,050)	 	
Gains on sale of stock (Visa/MasterCard)	 	 	 —	 	 	(22,678)	 	
Core noninterest income (non-GAAP)	 	$	49,407	 	$	47,791	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noninterest expense	 	$	84,339	 	$	85,064	 	
One-time items(a)	 	 	(384)	 	 	(2,547)	 	
Core noninterest expense (non-GAAP)	 	$	83,955	 	$	82,517	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Net income	 	$	56,740	 	$	65,531	 	
Gains on sale of securities	 	 	 —	 	 	(3,050)	 	
Gains on sale of stock (Visa/MasterCard)	 	 	 —	 	 	(22,678)	 	
One-time items(a)	 	 	384	 	 	2,547	 	
Tax adjustments (b)	 	 	(142)	 	 	8,723	 	
Total core adjustments	 	 	242	 	 	(14,458)	 	
Core net income (non-GAAP)	 	$	56,982	 	$	51,073	 	
Core basic earnings per share (non-GAAP)	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.37	 	
Core diluted earnings per share (non-GAAP)	 	$	0.41	 	$	0.37	 	

(a)    One-time items include initial public offering related costs.
(b)Represents the adjustments to net income, tax effected at the Company’s effective tax rate for the respective period.
 
(2)   Except for the efficiency ratio and the core efficiency ratio, amounts are annualized for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.  
 
(3)  Core net interest margin is a non-GAAP financial measure. We compute our core net interest margin as the ratio of core net interest income to average earning assets. For a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for core net interest income, see Table 2, GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation.
 
(4)  Core efficiency ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. We compute our core efficiency ratio as the ratio of core noninterest expense to the sum of core net interest income and core noninterest income. For a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for core noninterest expense, core net interest income and core noninterest income, see Table 2, GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation.
 
(5)  Core return on average total assets is a non-GAAP financial measure. We compute our core return on average total assets as the ratio of core net income to average total assets. For a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for core net income, see Table 2, GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation.
 
(6)  Core return on average tangible assets is a non-GAAP financial measure. We compute our core return on average tangible assets as the ratio of core net income to average tangible assets. For a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for core net income, see Table 2, GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation.
 
(7)   Core return on average total stockholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. We compute our core return on average total stockholders’ equity as the ratio of core net income to average stockholders’ equity. For a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for core net income, see Table 2, GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation.
 
(8)  Core return on average tangible stockholders’ equity is a non-GAAP financial measure. We compute our core return on average tangible stockholders’ equity as the ratio of core net income to average tangible stockholders’ equity, which is calculated by subtracting (and thereby effectively excluding) amounts related to the effect of goodwill from our average total stockholders’ equity. For a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for core net income, see Table 2, GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation.
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(9)   Core noninterest expense to average assets is a non-GAAP financial measure. We compute our core noninterest expense to average assets as the ratio of core noninterest expense to average assets. For a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure for core noninterest expense, see Table 2, GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation.
 
(10) Return on average tangible assets, return on average tangible stockholders’ equity, tangible stockholders’ equity to tangible assets, average tangible stockholders’ equity to average tangible assets and tangible book value per share are non-GAAP financial measures. We compute our return on average tangible assets as the ratio of net income to average tangible assets, which is calculated by subtracting (and thereby effectively excluding) amounts related to the effect of goodwill from our average total assets. We compute our return on average tangible stockholders’ equity as the ratio of net income to average tangible stockholders’ equity, which is calculated by subtracting (and thereby effectively excluding) amounts related to the effect of goodwill from our average total stockholders’ equity. We compute our tangible stockholders’ equity to tangible assets as the ratio of tangible stockholders’ equity to tangible assets, each of which we calculate by subtracting (and thereby effectively excluding) amounts related to our goodwill. We compute our tangible book value per share as the ratio of tangible stockholders’ equity to diluted outstanding shares. We believe that these financial measures are useful for investors, regulators, management and others to evaluate financial performance and capital adequacy relative to other financial institutions. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. The following table provides a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures with their most closely related GAAP measures for the periods indicated:

GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliation	 	 	 	 	 	Table 3	
 	 	As of and for the	 	
 	 	three months ended March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)	    	2017	 	2016	 	
Net income	 	$	56,740	 	$	65,531	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Average total stockholders' equity	 	$	2,488,519	 	$	2,769,476	 	
Less: average goodwill	 	 	995,492	 	 	995,492	 	
Average tangible stockholders' equity	 	$	1,493,027	 	$	1,773,984	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders' equity	 	$	2,505,994	 	$	2,471,734	 	
Less: goodwill	 	 	995,492	 	 	995,492	 	
Tangible stockholders' equity	 	$	1,510,502	 	$	1,476,242	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Average total assets	 	$	19,769,508	 	$	19,290,342	 	
Less: average goodwill	 	 	995,492	 	 	995,492	 	
Average tangible assets	 	$	18,774,016	 	$	18,294,850	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total assets	 	$	19,792,785	 	$	19,087,504	 	
Less: goodwill	 	 	995,492	 	 	995,492	 	
Tangible assets	 	$	18,797,293	 	$	18,092,012	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Shares outstanding	 	 	139,546,615	 	 	139,459,620	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Return on average total stockholders' equity(a)	 	 	9.25	%	 	9.52	%	
Return on average tangible stockholders' equity (non-GAAP)(a)	 	 	15.41	%	 	14.86	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Return on average total assets(a)	 	 	1.16	%	 	1.37	%	
Return on average tangible assets (non-GAAP)(a)	 	 	1.23	%	 	1.44	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total stockholders' equity to total assets	 	 	12.66	%	 	12.95	%	
Tangible stockholders' equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)	 	 	8.04	%	 	8.16	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Average stockholders' equity to average assets	 	 	12.59	%	 	14.36	%	
Average tangible stockholders' equity to average tangible assets (non-GAAP)	 	 	7.95	%	 	9.70	%	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Book value per share	 	$	17.96	 	$	17.72	 	
Tangible book value per share (non-GAAP)	 	$	10.82	 	$	10.59	 	

(a)  Annualized for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
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Financial Highlights
 
Net income was $56.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $8.8 million or 13% as compared to the same period in 2016. Basic and diluted earnings per share were $0.41 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.06 or 13% as compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to a $24.1 million decrease in noninterest income and a $3.8 million increase in the provision for loan and lease losses (the “Provision”). This was partially offset by a $12.0 million increase in net interest income, a $6.4 million decrease in provision for income taxes and a $0.7 million decrease in noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017.  
 
Our return on average total assets was 1.16% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of 21 basis points as compared to the same period in 2016, and our return on average total stockholders’ equity was 9.25% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of 27 basis points as compared to the same period in 2016. Our return on average tangible assets was 1.23% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of 21 basis points from the same period in 2016, and our return on average tangible stockholders’ equity was 15.41% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 55 basis points from the same period in 2016. We continued to prudently manage our expenses as our efficiency ratio was 47.18% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to 44.57% for the same period in 2016. The efficiency ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was favorably impacted by net gains on the sale of investment securities of $25.7 million.
 
Our results for the three months ended March 31, 2017 were highlighted by the following:
 
 	·	 	Net interest income was $129.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $12.0 million or 10% compared to the same period in 2016. Our net interest margin was 3.00% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 23 basis points from the same period in 2016. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to strong loan growth and an increase in funds deployed into available-for-sale investment securities at higher yields. This was partially offset by lower yields on loans and leases and slightly higher deposit funding costs.	
 
 	·	 	The Provision was $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $3.8 million from the same period in 2016. The Provision is recorded to maintain the Allowance at levels deemed adequate to absorb probable credit losses that have been incurred in our loan and lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date.	
 
 	·	 	Noninterest income was $49.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $24.1 million or 33% compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to a $25.7 million net gain on the sale of investment securities in 2016, partially offset by a $2.2 million increase in bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income in 2017.	
 
 	·	 	Noninterest expense was $84.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.7 million or 1% compared to the same period in 2016.  The decrease in noninterest expense was primarily due to a $2.4 million decrease in contracted services and professional fees and a $1.4 million decrease in salaries and benefits expense, partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in regulatory assessment and fees and a  $1.0 million increase in card rewards program expense.	
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we continued to benefit from a strong Hawaii economy by experiencing strong loan growth. We also invested our excess liquidity in high-grade investment securities. Our deposit balances also continued to increase during 2017. We also continued to maintain adequate reserves for credit losses and high levels of liquidity and capital.
 
 	·	 	Total loans and leases were $11.8 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $261.1 million or 2% from December 31, 2016. We experienced strong growth in our commercial real estate portfolio as corporations continued to invest in their businesses and sought to acquire new real estate assets to expand their businesses. We also continued to experience strong growth in our residential real estate portfolio as demand for new housing developments continued to remain strong.	
 
 	·	 	The allowance for loan and lease losses (the “Allowance”) was $135.8 million as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.4 million or less than 1% from December 31, 2016. The ratio of our Allowance to total loans and leases outstanding was 1.15% as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of three basis points compared to December 31, 2016.	
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The overall level of the Allowance was commensurate with our stable credit risk profile, loan portfolio growth and composition and a strong Hawaii economy. 	
 
 	·	 	We continued to invest excess liquidity in high-grade investment securities, primarily collateralized mortgage obligations issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). The total carrying value of our investment securities portfolio was $5.3 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $182.7 million or 4% compared to December 31, 2016.	
 
 	·	 	Total deposits were $16.9 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $143.6 million or 1% from December 31, 2016.  Increases in demand, money market and time deposit balances were partially offset by a decrease in savings deposit balances.	
 
 	·	 	Finally, total stockholders’ equity was $2.5 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $29.5 million or 1% from December 31, 2016. The increase in stockholders’ equity was primarily due to earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2017 of $56.7 million, partially offset by dividends declared and paid of $30.7 million to our stockholders during the three months ended March 31, 2017.	
 
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Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Net Interest Income
 
For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, average balances, related income and expenses, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, and resulting yields and rates are presented in Table 4. An analysis of the change in net interest income, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, is presented in Table 5.

Average Balances and Interest Rates	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 4	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 2017	 	March 31, 2016	 	
 	 	Average	 	Income/	 	Yield/	 	Average	 	Income/	 	Yield/	 	
(dollars in millions)	    	Balance	    	Expense	    	Rate	 	Balance	    	Expense	    	Rate	 	
Earning Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Banks	 	$	640.2	 	$	1.2	 	0.78	%	$	2,273.2	 	$	2.9	 	0.51	%	
Available-for-Sale Investment Securities	 	 	5,236.6	 	 	26.4	 	2.05	 	 	3,958.9	 	 	16.6	 	1.68	 	
Loans and Leases (1)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	 	3,233.6	 	 	24.3	 	3.04	 	 	3,095.6	 	 	22.9	 	2.98	 	
Real estate - commercial	 	 	2,481.2	 	 	22.2	 	3.63	 	 	2,158.7	 	 	20.9	 	3.89	 	
Real estate - construction	 	 	460.3	 	 	3.7	 	3.25	 	 	405.9	 	 	3.3	 	3.24	 	
Real estate - residential	 	 	3,723.7	 	 	37.6	 	4.10	 	 	3,560.6	 	 	36.0	 	4.07	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,513.4	 	 	20.3	 	5.43	 	 	1,415.3	 	 	19.8	 	5.65	 	
Lease financing	 	 	170.5	 	 	1.2	 	2.77	 	 	192.0	 	 	1.4	 	2.94	 	
Total Loans and Leases	 	 	11,582.7	 	 	109.3	 	3.83	 	 	10,828.1	 	 	104.3	 	3.88	 	
Other Earning Assets	 	 	11.2	 	 	 —	 	0.77	 	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	
Total Earning Assets (2)	 	 	17,470.7	 	 	136.9	 	3.18	 	 	17,060.2	 	 	123.8	 	2.92	 	
Cash and Due from Banks	 	 	324.7	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	299.0	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Assets	 	 	1,974.1	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	1,931.1	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Assets	 	$	19,769.5	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	19,290.3	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-Bearing Liabilities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-Bearing Deposits	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Savings	 	$	4,506.4	 	$	0.7	 	0.06	%	$	4,350.0	 	$	0.7	 	0.06	%	
Money Market	 	 	2,494.3	 	 	0.6	 	0.09	 	 	2,399.1	 	 	0.5	 	0.09	 	
Time	 	 	3,985.8	 	 	6.3	 	0.65	 	 	3,824.8	 	 	5.2	 	0.55	 	
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits	 	 	10,986.5	 	 	7.6	 	0.28	 	 	10,573.9	 	 	6.4	 	0.24	 	
Short-Term Borrowings	 	 	3.9	 	 	 —	 	0.54	 	 	223.9	 	 	0.1	 	0.13	 	
Total Interest-Bearing Liabilities	 	 	10,990.4	 	 	7.6	 	0.28	 	 	10,797.8	 	 	6.5	 	0.24	 	
Net Interest Income	 	 	 	 	$	129.3	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	117.3	 	 	 	
Interest Rate Spread	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	2.90	%	 	 	 	 	 	 	2.68	%	
Net Interest Margin	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	3.00	%	 	 	 	 	 	 	2.77	%	
Noninterest-Bearing Demand Deposits	 	 	5,913.9	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	5,372.8	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Other Liabilities	 	 	376.7	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	350.2	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Stockholders' Equity	 	 	2,488.5	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	2,769.5	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	 	$	19,769.5	 	 	 	 	 	 	$	19,290.3	 	 	 	 	 	 	

(1)    Non-performing loans and leases are included in the respective average loan and lease balances.  Income, if any, on such loans and leases is recognized on a cash basis.     
(2)    For the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, the taxable-equivalent basis adjustments made to the table above were not material.
 
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Analysis of Change in Net Interest Income	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 5	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Compared to March 31, 2016	 	
(dollars in millions)	    	Volume	    	Rate	    	Total (1)	 	
Change in Interest Income:	    	 	 	    	 	 	    	 	 	 	
Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Banks	 	$	(2.7)	 	$	1.0	 	$	(1.7)	 	
Available-for-Sale Investment Securities	 	 	6.0	 	 	3.8	 	 	9.8	 	
Loans and Leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	 	1.0	 	 	0.4	 	 	1.4	 	
Real estate - commercial	 	 	3.0	 	 	(1.7)	 	 	1.3	 	
Real estate - construction	 	 	0.4	 	 	 —	 	 	0.4	 	
Real estate - residential	 	 	1.6	 	 	 —	 	 	1.6	 	
Consumer	 	 	1.4	 	 	(0.9)	 	 	0.5	 	
Lease financing	 	 	(0.1)	 	 	(0.1)	 	 	(0.2)	 	
Total Loans and Leases	 	 	7.3	 	 	(2.3)	 	 	5.0	 	
Total Change in Interest Income	 	 	10.6	 	 	2.5	 	 	13.1	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Change in Interest Expense:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Interest-Bearing Deposits	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Money Market	 	 	0.1	 	 	 —	 	 	0.1	 	
Time	 	 	0.2	 	 	0.9	 	 	1.1	 	
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits	 	 	0.3	 	 	0.9	 	 	1.2	 	
Short-term Borrowings	 	 	(0.1)	 	 	 —	 	 	(0.1)	 	
Total Change in Interest Expense	 	 	0.2	 	 	0.9	 	 	1.1	 	
Change in Net Interest Income	 	$	10.4	 	$	1.6	 	$	12.0	 	

(1)    The change in interest income and expense not solely due to changes in volume or rate has been allocated on a pro-rata basis to the volume and rate columns.
 
Net interest income, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, was $129.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $12.0 million or 10% compared to the same period in 2016. Our net interest margin was 3.00% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 23 basis points from the same period in 2016. The increase in net interest income, on a fully taxable-equivalent basis, was primarily due to higher average balances in all loan categories and higher average balances and yields in our investment securities portfolio. This was partially offset by lower average balances in interest-bearing deposits in other banks, lower yields from our loan portfolio, and slightly higher deposit funding costs. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the average balance of our loans and leases was $11.6 billion, an increase of $754.6 million or 7% compared to the same period in 2016. The higher average balance in loans and leases was primarily due to strong growth in our commercial real estate, residential real estate, consumer, and commercial and industrial lending portfolios. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the average balance of our investment securities portfolio was $5.2 billion, an increase of $1.3 billion or 32% compared to the same period in 2016. Yields on our investment securities portfolio were 2.05%, an increase of 37 basis points from the same period in 2016. Yields on our loans and leases were 3.83% for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of five basis points as compared to the same period in 2016. We experienced a decrease in yields in some of our loan categories as loans that paid-off were generally replaced with new originations at lower yields. Deposit funding costs were $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $1.2 million or 19% compared to the same period in 2016. Rates paid on our interest-bearing deposits were 28 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of four basis points compared to the same period in 2016. 
 
Provision for Credit Losses
 
The Provision was $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, which represented an increase of $3.8 million compared to the same period in 2016. We recorded net charge-offs of loans and leases of $4.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, while we recorded net recoveries on loans and leases previously charged-off of $1.0 million for the same period in 2016. The Allowance was $135.8 million as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.4 million or less than 1.0% from December 31, 2016 and represented 1.15% of total outstanding loans and leases as of March 31, 2017, compared to 1.18% of total outstanding loans and leases as of December 31, 2016. The Provision is recorded to maintain the Allowance at levels deemed adequate by management based on the factors noted in the “Risk Governance and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk — Credit Risk” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”).
 
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Noninterest Income
 
Table 6 presents the major components of noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Noninterest Income	 	 	 	 	 	Table 6	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	Dollar	 	Percent	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	    	Change	    	Change	 	
Service charges on deposit accounts	 	$	9,555	 	$	9,789	 	$	(234)	 	(2)	%	
Credit and debit card fees	 	 	14,479	 	 	13,819	 	 	660	 	 5	 	
Other service charges and fees	 	 	9,097	 	 	9,227	 	 	(130)	 	(1)	 	
Trust and investment services income	 	 	7,338	 	 	7,405	 	 	(67)	 	(1)	 	
Bank-owned life insurance	 	 	4,578	 	 	2,356	 	 	2,222	 	94	 	
Investment securities gains, net	 	 	 —	 	 	25,728	 	 	(25,728)	 	n.m.	 	
Other	 	 	4,360	 	 	5,195	 	 	(835)	 	(16)	 	
Total noninterest income	 	$	49,407	 	$	73,519	 	$	(24,112)	 	(33)	%	
 
n.m. – Denotes a variance which is not meaningful.
 
Total noninterest income was $49.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $24.1 million or 33% as compared to the same period in 2016.  
 
Service charges on deposit accounts were $9.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.2 million or 2% as compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a $0.1 million decrease in account analysis fees and nominal decreases to overdraft and checking account fees.
 
Credit and debit card fees were $14.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.7 million or 5% as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily due to a $0.8 million increase in merchant services, partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in net interchange fees.
 
Other service charges and fees were $9.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.1 million or 1% as compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a $0.3 million decrease in residential mortgage servicing fees and a $0.1 million decrease in fees from standby letters of credit arrangements, partially offset by a $0.3 million increase from the sale of annuities and securities.
 
Trust and investment services income was $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.1 million or 1% as compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a $0.1 million decrease in tax services. Trust and investment services income is largely based upon the market value of assets under management and the fee rate charged to customers. Total trust assets under administration were $12.3 billion and $11.9 billion as of March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income was $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $2.2 million or 94% as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily due to higher death benefits of $1.2 million as well as a $1.0 million increase in BOLI earnings during the current period.
 
Net gains on the sale of investment securities were nil for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $25.7 million as compared to the same period in 2016. Net gains on the sale of investment securities for the three months ended March 31, 2016 were due to a $22.7 million net gain on the sale of 274,000 Visa Class B restricted shares and a $3.0 million net gain on the sale of available-for-sale investment securities.
 
Other noninterest income was $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.8 million or 16% as compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a $2.4 million recovery on a loan in excess of amounts previously charged-off for the three months ended March 31, 2016. This was partially offset by a $1.0 million increase in customer-related interest rate swap fees and a $0.7 million increase in net gains recognized in income related to derivative contracts.
Noninterest Expense
 
Table 7 presents the major components of noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:
 
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Noninterest Expense	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 7	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	Dollar	 	Percentage	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	    	Change	    	Change	 	
Salaries and employee benefits	 	$	43,300	 	$	44,701	 	$	(1,401)	 	(3)	%	
Contracted services and professional fees	 	 	10,308	 	 	12,755	 	 	(2,447)	 	(19)	 	
Occupancy	 	 	5,321	 	 	5,312	 	 	 9	 	 —	 	
Equipment	 	 	4,197	 	 	3,827	 	 	370	 	10	 	
Regulatory assessment and fees	 	 	3,774	 	 	2,477	 	 	1,297	 	52	 	
Advertising and marketing	 	 	2,028	 	 	1,624	 	 	404	 	25	 	
Card rewards program	 	 	4,511	 	 	3,502	 	 	1,009	 	29	 	
Other	 	 	10,900	 	 	10,866	 	 	34	 	 —	 	
Total noninterest expense	 	$	84,339	 	$	85,064	 	$	(725)	 	(1)	%	
 
Total noninterest expense was $84.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.7 million or 1% as compared to the same period in 2016.  
 
Salaries and employee benefits expense was $43.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $1.4 million or 3% as compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a $2.3 million increase in deferred loan origination costs and a $0.7 million decrease in incentive compensation, partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in group health plan costs and a $0.4 million increase in base salaries.
 
Contracted services and professional fees were $10.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $2.4 million or 19% as compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease was due to a $2.3 million decrease in audit, legal and consultant fees, primarily related to the Reorganization Transactions and the IPO, and a $0.8 million decrease in outside services, primarily attributable to marketing and rebranding services. This was partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in contracted data processing, primarily due to new merchant billing services.
 
Equipment expense was $4.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.4 million or 10% as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily due to a $0.3 million increase in service contracts expense.
 
Regulatory assessment and fees were $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $1.3 million or 52% as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily due to a change in the calculation of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance assessment and adoption of an additional surcharge, which resulted in a higher assessment rate.
 
Advertising and marketing expense was $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.4 million or 25% as compared to the same period in 2016.  This increase was primarily due to an increase of $0.4 million in radio advertising expenses.
 
Card rewards program expense was $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $1.0 million or 29% as compared to the same period in 2016. This increase was primarily due to higher levels of priority reward redemptions in the current period.
 
Provision for Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes was $33.2 million (an effective tax rate of 36.89%) for the three months ended March 31, 2017, compared with a provision for income taxes of $39.5 million (an effective tax rate of 37.63%) for the same period in 2016. The slight decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to lower pre-tax income as well as higher tax-exempt BOLI income for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Additional information about the provision for income taxes is presented in “Note 9. Income Taxes” contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.
Analysis of Business Segments
 
Our business segments are Retail Banking, Commercial Banking, and Treasury and Other. Table 8 summarizes net income from our business segments for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Additional information about
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operating segment performance is presented in “Note 15. Reportable Operating Segments” contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

Business Segment Net Income	 	 	 	 	 	Table 8	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Retail Banking	 	$	45,684	 	$	43,675	 	
Commercial Banking	 	 	17,183	 	 	19,623	 	
Treasury and Other	 	 	(6,127)	 	 	2,233	 	
Total	 	$	56,740	 	$	65,531	 	
 
Retail Banking.  Our Retail Banking segment includes the financial products and services we provide to consumers, small businesses and certain commercial customers. Loan and lease products offered include residential and commercial mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, automobile loans and leases, personal lines of credit, installment loans, and small business loans and leases. Deposit products offered include checking, savings and time deposit accounts. Our Retail Banking segment also includes our wealth management services.
 
Net income for the Retail Banking segment was $45.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $2.0 million or 5% as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase in net income for the Retail Banking segment was primarily due to a $3.3 million increase in net interest income due to higher earnings credits from our deposit portfolio, partially offset by lower average loan balances. The increase in net interest income was partially offset by a $1.4 million increase in provision for credit losses.
 
Commercial Banking.  Our Commercial Banking segment includes our corporate banking, residential and commercial real estate loans, commercial lease financing, auto dealer financing, deposit products and credit cards that we provide primarily to middle market and large companies in Hawaii, Guam, Saipan and California.
 
Net income for the Commercial Banking segment was $17.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $2.4 million or 12% as compared to the same period in 2016. The decrease in net income for the Commercial Banking segment was primarily due to a $3.3 million increase in noninterest expense and a $2.4 million increase in provision for credit losses, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease in provision for income taxes and a $1.2 million increase in noninterest income. The increase in noninterest expense was primarily due to higher card rewards program expenses, regulatory assessment and fees, salaries and benefits and overall expenses that were allocated to the Commercial Banking segment.  The increase in noninterest income was primarily due to higher customer-related interest rate swap fees and merchant services.
 
Treasury and Other.  Our Treasury and Other segment includes our treasury business, which consists of corporate asset and liability management activities, including interest rate risk management. The assets and liabilities (and related interest income and expense) of our treasury business consist of interest bearing deposits, investment securities, federal funds sold and purchased, government deposits, short and long term borrowings and bank owned properties. Our primary sources of noninterest income are from bank owned life insurance, net gains from the sale of investment securities, foreign exchange income related to customer driven currency requests from merchants and island visitors and management of bank owned properties. The net residual effect of the transfer pricing of assets and liabilities is included in Treasury and Other, along with the elimination of intercompany transactions.
 
Other organizational units (Technology, Operations, Credit and Risk Management, Human Resources, Finance, Administration, Marketing, and Corporate and Regulatory Administration) provide a wide range of support to our other income earning segments. Expenses incurred by these support units are charged to the applicable business segments through an internal cost allocation process.
 
Net loss for the Treasury and Other segment was $6.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $8.4 million in earnings as compared to the same period in 2016. The net loss was primarily due to a $25.3 million decrease in noninterest income, partially offset by a $8.8 million increase in net interest income, a $4.1 million decrease in noninterest expense and a $4.0 million decrease in provision for income taxes. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily due to a $22.7 million net gain on the sale of 274,000 Visa Class B restricted shares and a $3.0 million net gain on the sale of available-for-sale investment securities, both recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to higher average investment securities earning higher yields and higher
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average loans balances, partially offset by higher deposit funding costs. The decrease in noninterest expense related to a decrease in allocated expenses as well as the absence of costs related to the Reorganization Transaction and IPO recorded in 2016.
 
Analysis of Financial Condition
 
Liquidity
 
Liquidity refers to our ability to maintain cash flow that is adequate to fund operations and meet present and future financial obligations through either the sale or maturity of existing assets or by obtaining additional funding through liability management. We consider the effective and prudent management of liquidity to be fundamental to our health and strength. Our objective is to manage our cash flow and liquidity reserves so that they are adequate to fund our obligations and other commitments on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost.
 
Liquidity is managed to ensure stable, reliable and cost effective sources of funds to satisfy demand for credit, deposit withdrawals and investment opportunities. Funding requirements are impacted by loan originations and refinancings, deposit balance changes, liability issuances and settlements and off balance sheet funding commitments. We consider and comply with various regulatory guidelines regarding required liquidity levels and periodically monitor our liquidity position in light of the changing economic environment and customer activity. Based on periodic liquidity assessments, we may alter our asset, liability and off balance sheet positions. The Company’s Asset Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) monitors sources and uses of funds and modifies asset and liability positions as liquidity requirements change. This process, combined with our ability to raise funds in money and capital markets and through private placements, provides flexibility in managing the exposure to liquidity risk.
 
Immediate liquid resources are available in cash which is primarily on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (the “FRB”). As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents were $777.6 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. Potential sources of liquidity also include investment securities in our available-for-sale portfolio. The carrying value of our available-for-sale investment securities were $5.3 billion and $5.1 billion as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we maintained our excess liquidity primarily in collateralized mortgage obligations issued by Ginnie Mae, the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio was comprised of securities with an average base duration of approximately 4.0 years and 3.8 years, respectively. Furthermore, as of March 31, 2017, we expect maturities and paydowns of approximately $0.8 billion to occur over the next twelve months. These funds offer substantial resources to meet either new loan demand or to help offset reductions in our deposit funding base. Liquidity is further enhanced by our ability to pledge loans to access secured borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines (the “FHLB”) and the FRB. As of March 31, 2017, we have borrowing capacity of $1.7 billion from the FHLB and $705.6 million from the FRB based on the amount of collateral pledged.
 
Our core deposits have historically provided us with a long term source of stable and relatively lower cost of funding. As of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our core deposits, defined as all deposits exclusive of time deposits exceeding $250,000, totaled $14.2 billion, which represented 84% and 85%, respectively, of our total deposits. These core deposits are normally less volatile, often with customer relationships tied to other products offered by the Company. While we consider core deposits to be less volatile, deposit levels could decrease if interest rates increase significantly or if corporate customers increase investing activities and reduce deposit balances.
 
The Company’s routine funding requirements are expected to consist primarily of general corporate needs and dividends to be paid to our stockholders. We expect to meet these obligations from dividends paid by First Hawaiian Bank to the Parent. Additional sources of liquidity available to us include selling residential real estate loans in the secondary market, short term borrowings, and the issuance of long term debt and equity securities.
 
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Investment Securities
 
Table 9 presents the book value, which is also the estimated fair value, of our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Investment Securities	 	 	 	 	 	Table 9	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
U.S. Treasury securities	  	$	393,811	  	$	392,473	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises debt securities	 	 	243,267	 	 	242,667	 	
Government agency mortgage-backed securities	 	 	175,536	 	 	185,663	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities	 	 	196,315	 	 	204,385	 	
Non-government asset-backed securities	 	 	8,034	 	 	12,583	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	3,393,256	 	 	3,351,822	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	850,043	 	 	687,921	 	
Total available-for-sale securities	 	$	5,260,262	 	$	5,077,514	 	
 
Table 10 presents the maturity distribution at amortized cost and weighted‑average yield to maturity of our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio as of March 31, 2017:

Maturities and Weighted-Average Yield on Securities (1)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 10	 	
 	 	 	 	 	Weighted	 	After 1	 	Weighted	 	After 5	 	Weighted	 	 	 	 	Weighted	 	 	 	 	Weighted	 	 	 	 	
 	 	1 Year	 	Average	 	Year -	 	Average	 	Years -	 	Average	 	Over 10	 	Average	 	 	 	 	Average	 	Fair	 	
(dollars in millions)	    	or Less	    	Yield	    	5 Years	    	Yield	    	10 Years	    	Yield	    	Years	    	Yield	    	Total	    	Yield	    	Value	 	
As of March 31, 2017	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Available-for-Sale Securities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
U.S. Treasury securities	 	$	 —	 	 —	%  	$	229.8	 	1.10	%  	$	175.5	 	1.59	%  	$	 —	 	 —	%  	$	405.3	   	1.32	%  	$	393.8	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises debt securities	   	 	35.0	 	2.80	 	 	50.0	 	1.69	 	 	164.7	 	2.04	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	249.7	 	2.08	 	 	243.3	 	
Mortgage-Backed Securities: (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	23.0	 	2.29	 	 	67.7	 	2.29	 	 	47.8	 	2.29	 	 	42.3	 	2.28	 	 	180.8	 	2.29	 	 	175.5	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	23.3	 	2.30	 	 	91.8	 	2.27	 	 	52.2	 	2.23	 	 	32.5	 	2.18	 	 	199.8	 	2.25	 	 	196.3	 	
Asset-Backed Securities: (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-government	 	 	8.0	 	0.92	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	 —	 	 —	 	 	8.0	 	0.92	 	 	8.0	 	
Collateralized mortgage obligations: (2)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Government agency	 	 	555.9	 	1.91	 	 	1,839.0	 	1.97	 	 	876.7	 	2.04	 	 	179.5	 	2.06	 	 	3,451.1	 	1.98	 	 	3,393.3	 	
Government-sponsored enterprises	 	 	147.2	 	1.87	 	 	469.2	 	1.93	 	 	232.5	 	1.98	 	 	14.2	 	1.99	 	 	863.1	 	1.93	 	 	850.0	 	
Total available-for-sale securities	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
As of March 31, 2017	 	$	792.4	 	1.95	%  	$	2,747.5	 	1.91	%  	$	1,549.4	 	1.99	%  	$	268.5	 	2.10	%  	$	5,357.8	 	1.95	%  	$	5,260.2	 	

(1)   Weighted-average yields were computed on a fully taxable-equivalent basis.
(2)    Maturities for mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations anticipate future prepayments.
 
The carrying value of our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio was $5.3 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.2 billion or 4% compared to December 31, 2016. Our available-for-sale investment securities are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in other comprehensive income (loss), unless a security is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired (“OTTI”).
 
As of March 31, 2017, we maintained all of our investment securities in the available-for-sale category recorded at fair value in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets, with $4.2 billion invested in collateralized mortgage obligations issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Our available-for-sale portfolio also included $393.8 million in U.S. Treasury securities, $243.3 million in debt securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises (FHLB and Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation callable bonds), $371.8 million in mortgage backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae and $8.0 million in automobile asset-backed securities.
 
We continually evaluate our investment securities portfolio in response to established asset/liability management objectives, changing market conditions that could affect profitability and the level of interest rate risk to which we are exposed. These evaluations may cause us to change the level of funds we deploy into investment securities and change the composition of our investment securities portfolio. As of March 31, 2017, we maintained relatively lower cash balances with the FRB and increased our holdings in collateralized mortgage obligations issued by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
 
Gross unrealized gains in our investment securities portfolio were $1.8 million and $2.0 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Gross unrealized losses in our investment securities portfolio were $99.3 million as of March 31, 2017 and $101.1 million as of December 31, 2016. Lower unrealized gains and higher unrealized losses in our investment securities portfolio were primarily due to market interest rates increasing during the three months ended
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March 31, 2017, relative to when the investment securities were purchased. The lower gross unrealized gain positions were primarily related to our collateralized mortgage obligations, the fair value of which is sensitive to changes in market interest rates.
 
We conduct a regular assessment of our investment securities portfolio to determine whether any securities are OTTI. When assessing unrealized losses for OTTI, we consider the nature of the investment, the financial condition of the issuer, the extent and duration of unrealized losses, expected cash flows of underlying assets and market conditions. As of March 31, 2017, we had no plans to sell investment securities with unrealized losses, and believe it is more likely than not that we would not be required to sell such securities before recovery of their amortized cost, which may be at maturity.
 
We are required to hold non-marketable equity securities, comprised of FHLB stock, as a condition of our membership in the FHLB system. Our FHLB stock is accounted for at cost, which equals par or redemption value. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we held FHLB stock of $10.1 million which is recorded as a component of other assets in our unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. 
 
See “Note 2. Investment Securities” contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for more information on our investment securities portfolio.
 
Loans and Leases
 
Table 11 presents the composition of our loan and lease portfolio by major categories as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Loans and Leases	 	Table 11	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Commercial and industrial	  	$	3,243,508	  	$	3,239,600	 	
Real estate:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial	 	 	2,532,253	 	 	2,343,495	 	
Construction	 	 	469,741	 	 	450,012	 	
Residential	 	 	3,864,509	 	 	3,796,459	 	
Total real estate	 	 	6,866,503	 	 	6,589,966	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,503,129	 	 	1,510,772	 	
Lease financing	 	 	168,356	 	 	180,040	 	
Total loans and leases	 	$	11,781,496	 	$	11,520,378	 	
 
Total loans and leases were $11.8 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $261.1 million or 2% from December 31, 2016 with increases in all categories except for consumer lending and lease financing. 
 
Commercial and industrial loans are made primarily to corporations, middle market and small businesses for the purpose of financing equipment acquisition, expansion, working capital and other general business purposes. We also offer a variety of automobile dealer flooring lines to our customers in Hawaii and California to assist with the financing of their inventory. Commercial and industrial loans were $3.2 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $3.9 million or less than 1% from December 31, 2016. High levels of outstanding balances in this portfolio were reflective of a strong Hawaii economy, which has encouraged local businesses to expand and to reinvest in their businesses. Also contributing to the increase in this portfolio was the continued strong customer demand for new automobiles.
 
Commercial real estate loans are secured by first mortgages on commercial real estate at loan to value (“LTV”) ratios generally not exceeding 75% and a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.20 to 1. The commercial properties are predominantly developments such as retail centers, apartments, industrial properties and, to a lesser extent, specialized properties such as hotels. The primary source of repayment for investor property is cash flow from the property and for owner occupied property is the operating cash flow from the business. Commercial real estate loans were $2.5 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $188.8 million or 8% from December 31, 2016. Strong demand for commercial real estate lending activities was reflective of a strong real estate market in Hawaii and the demand by both investors and owner occupants to refinance and/or to acquire new real estate assets. 
 
Construction loans are for the purchase or construction of a property for which repayment will be generated by the property. Loans in this portfolio are primarily for the purchase of land, as well as for the development of commercial
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properties, single family homes and condominiums. We classify loans as construction until the completion of the construction phase. Following construction, if a loan is retained by the Bank, the loan is reclassified to the commercial real estate or residential real estate classes of loans. Construction loans were $469.7 million as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $19.7 million or 4% from December 31, 2016 due to borrowers drawing down on their lines of credit as construction work progresses.
 
Residential real estate loans are generally secured by 1-4 unit residential properties and are underwritten using traditional underwriting systems to assess the credit risks and financial capacity and repayment ability of the consumer. Decisions are primarily based on LTV ratios, debt-to-income (“DTI”) ratios, liquidity and credit scores. LTV ratios generally do not exceed 80%, although higher levels are permitted with mortgage insurance. We offer fixed rate mortgage products and variable rate mortgage products with interest rates that are subject to change every year after the first, third, fifth or tenth year, depending on the product and are based on the London Interbank Offered Rate. Variable rate residential mortgage loans are underwritten at fully-indexed interest rates. We generally do not offer interest-only, payment-option facilities, Alt-A loans or any product with negative amortization. Residential real estate loans were $3.9 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $68.1 million or 2% from December 31, 2016. The increase in this portfolio was primarily due to our decision to continue to reduce sales of our residential real estate loan originations in the secondary market for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Our portfolio of residential real estate loans continues to benefit from Hawaii’s strong real estate market and continued demand for new housing developments in the current low interest rate environment. 
 
Consumer loans consist primarily of open- and closed-end direct and indirect credit facilities for personal, automobile and household purchases as well as credit card loans. We seek to maintain reasonable levels of risk in consumer lending by following prudent underwriting guidelines, which include an evaluation of personal credit history, cash flow and collateral values based on existing market conditions. Consumer loans were $1.5 billion as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of $7.6 million or less than 1% from December 31, 2016. High levels of consumer outstanding balances were reflective of a strong Hawaii economy, higher statewide personal income and lower unemployment trends. These factors contribute to higher levels of consumer spending.
 
Lease financing consists of commercial single investor leases and leveraged leases. Underwriting of new lease transactions is based on our lending policy, including but not limited to an analysis of customer cash flows and secondary sources of repayment, including the value of leased equipment, the guarantors’ cash flows and/or other credit enhancements. No new leveraged leases are being added to the portfolio and all remaining leveraged leases are running off. Lease financing was $168.4 million as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of $11.7 million or 6% from December 31, 2016, primarily due to the continued runoff of our leveraged lease portfolio.
 
See “Note 3. Loans and Leases” contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the discussion in “Analysis of Financial Condition — Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” in MD&A for more information on our loan and lease portfolio.
 
Tables 12 and 13 present the geographic distribution of our loan and lease portfolio as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Geographic Distribution of Loan and Lease Portfolio	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 12	 	
 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	 	 	 	U.S.	 	Guam &	 	Foreign &	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Hawaii	    	Mainland (1)	    	Saipan	    	Other	    	Total	 	
Commercial and industrial	   	$	1,282,771	   	$	1,702,418	   	$	157,653	   	$	100,666	   	$	3,243,508	 	
Real estate:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial	 	 	1,729,598	 	 	398,604	 	 	404,051	 	 	 —	 	 	2,532,253	 	
Construction	 	 	321,168	 	 	139,010	 	 	9,563	 	 	 —	 	 	469,741	 	
Residential	 	 	3,713,997	 	 	6,613	 	 	143,899	 	 	 —	 	 	3,864,509	 	
Total real estate	 	 	5,764,763	 	 	544,227	 	 	557,513	 	 	 —	 	 	6,866,503	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,099,682	 	 	26,001	 	 	375,105	 	 	2,341	 	 	1,503,129	 	
Lease financing	 	 	51,434	 	 	97,921	 	 	8,307	 	 	10,694	 	 	168,356	 	
Total Loans and Leases	 	$	8,198,650	 	$	2,370,567	 	$	1,098,578	 	$	113,701	 	$	11,781,496	 	
Percentage of Total Loans and Leases	 	 	70%	 	 	20%	 	 	9%	 	 	1%	 	 	100%	 	

(1)    For secured loans and leases, classification as U.S. Mainland is made based on where the collateral is located.  For unsecured loans and leases, classification as U.S. Mainland is made based on the location where the majority of the borrower's business operations are conducted.
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Geographic Distribution of Loan and Lease Portfolio	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 13	 	
 	 	December 31, 2016	 	
 	 	 	 	 	U.S.	 	Guam &	 	Foreign &	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	  	Hawaii	  	Mainland (1)	  	Saipan	  	Other	  	Total	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	1,301,866	 	$	1,679,681	 	$	144,130	 	$	113,923	 	$	3,239,600	 	
Real estate:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial	 	 	1,670,718	 	 	361,157	 	 	311,620	 	 	 —	 	 	2,343,495	 	
Construction	 	 	306,138	 	 	128,583	 	 	15,291	 	 	 —	 	 	450,012	 	
Residential	 	 	3,649,844	 	 	6,650	 	 	139,965	 	 	 —	 	 	3,796,459	 	
Total real estate	 	 	5,626,700	 	 	496,390	 	 	466,876	 	 	 —	 	 	6,589,966	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,107,002	 	 	28,355	 	 	372,759	 	 	2,656	 	 	1,510,772	 	
Lease financing	 	 	53,814	 	 	106,783	 	 	8,566	 	 	10,877	 	 	180,040	 	
Total Loans and Leases	 	$	8,089,382	 	$	2,311,209	 	$	992,331	 	$	127,456	 	$	11,520,378	 	
Percentage of Total Loans and Leases	 	 	70%	 	 	20%	 	 	9%	 	 	1%	 	 	100%	 	

(1)    For secured loans and leases, classification as U.S. Mainland is made based on where the collateral is located.  For unsecured loans and leases, classification as U.S. Mainland is made based on the location where the majority of the borrower's business operations are conducted.
 
Our lending activities are concentrated primarily in Hawaii. However, we also have lending activities on the U.S. mainland, Guam and Saipan. Our commercial lending activities on the U.S. mainland include automobile dealer flooring activities in California, limited participation in Shared National Credits and selective commercial real estate projects based on existing customer relationships. Our lease financing portfolio includes leveraged lease financing activities on the U.S. mainland, but this portfolio continues to run off and no new leveraged leases are being added to the portfolio. Our consumer lending activities are concentrated primarily in Hawaii and to a smaller extent Guam and Saipan.
 
Table 14 presents contractual loan maturity categories normally not subject to regular periodic principal reductions and sensitivities of those loans to changes in interest rates as of March 31, 2017:

Maturities for Selected Loan Categories (1)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 14	 	
 	 	March 31, 2017	 	
 	 	Due in One	 	Due After One	 	Due After	 	 	 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	Year or Less	    	to Five Years	    	Five Years	    	Total	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	1,323,547	 	$	1,522,898	 	$	397,063	 	$	3,243,508	 	
Real estate - construction	 	 	114,039	 	 	181,571	 	 	174,131	 	 	469,741	 	
Total Loans and Leases	 	$	1,437,586	 	$	1,704,469	 	$	571,194	 	$	3,713,249	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Total of loans due after one year with:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Fixed interest rates	 	 	 	 	$	215,606	 	$	123,913	 	$	339,519	 	
Variable interest rates	 	 	 	 	 	1,488,863	 	 	447,281	 	 	1,936,144	 	
Total Loans and Leases	 	 	 	 	$	1,704,469	 	$	571,194	 	$	2,275,663	 	

(1)   Based on contractual maturities.
 
Credit Quality
 
We evaluate certain loans and leases, including commercial and industrial loans, commercial real estate loans and construction loans, individually for impairment and non-accrual status. A loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. We generally place a loan on non-accrual status when management believes that collection of principal or interest has become doubtful or when a loan or lease becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, unless it is well secured and in the process of collection. Loans on non-accrual status are generally classified as impaired, but not all impaired loans are necessarily placed on non-accrual status. See “Note 4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for more information about our credit quality indicators.
 
For purposes of managing credit risk and estimating the Allowance, management has identified three categories of loans (commercial, residential real estate and consumer) that we use to develop our systematic methodology to determine the Allowance. The categorization of loans for the evaluation of credit risk is specific to our credit risk evaluation process
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and these loan categories are not necessarily the same as the loan categories used for other evaluations of our loan portfolio. See “Note 4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for more information about our approach to estimating the Allowance.
 
The following tables and discussion address non-performing assets, loans and leases that are 90 days past due but are still accruing interest, impaired loans and loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring.
 
Non‑Performing Assets and Loans and Leases Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing Interest
 
Table 15 presents information on our non-performing assets and accruing loans and leases past due 90 days or more as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Non-Performing Assets and Accruing Loans and Leases Past Due 90 Days or More	 	Table 15	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	 	2016	 	
Non-Performing Assets	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Non-Accrual Loans and Leases	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial Loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	2,154	 	$	2,730	 	
Lease financing	 	 	153	 	 	153	 	
Total Commercial Loans	 	 	2,307	 	 	2,883	 	
Residential	 	 	5,023	 	 	6,547	 	
Total Non-Accrual Loans and Leases	 	 	7,330	 	 	9,430	 	
Other Real Estate Owned	 	 	329	 	 	329	 	
Total Non-Performing Assets	 	$	7,659	 	$	9,759	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Accruing Loans and Leases Past Due 90 Days or More	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial Loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	309	 	$	449	 	
Lease financing	 	 	84	 	 	83	 	
Total Commercial Loans	 	 	393	 	 	532	 	
Residential	 	 	1,437	 	 	866	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,718	 	 	1,870	 	
Total Accruing Loans and Leases Past Due 90 Days or More	 	$	3,548	 	$	3,268	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Restructured Loans on Accrual Status and Not Past Due 90 Days or More	 	 	50,758	 	 	44,496	 	
Total Loans and Leases	 	$	11,781,496	 	$	11,520,378	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ratio of Non-Accrual Loans and Leases to Total Loans and Leases	 	 	0.06	%	 	0.08	%	
Ratio of Non-Performing Assets to Total Loans and Leases and Other Real Estate Owned	 	 	0.07	%	 	0.08	%	
Ratio of Non-Performing Assets and Accruing Loans and Leases Past Due 90 Days or More to Total Loans and Leases and Other Real Estate Owned	 	 	0.10	%	 	0.11	%	
 
Table 16 presents the activity in Non-Performing Assets (“NPAs”) for three months ended March 31, 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2016:

Non-Performing Assets	 	 	 	 	 	Table 16	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended  March 31, 	    	Year Ended December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Balance at beginning of period	 	$	9,759	 	$	16,775	 	
Additions	 	 	185	 	 	3,205	 	
Reductions	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Payments	 	 	(619)	 	 	(6,831)	 	
Return to accrual status	 	 	(816)	 	 	(2,065)	 	
Sales of other real estate owned	 	 	(539)	 	 	(884)	 	
Charge-offs/write-downs	 	 	(311)	 	 	(441)	 	
Total Reductions	 	 	(2,285)	 	 	(10,221)	 	
Balance at End of Period	 	$	7,659	 	$	9,759	 	
 
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The level of NPAs represents an indicator of the potential for future credit losses. NPAs consist of non-accrual loans and leases and other real estate owned. Changes in the level of non-accrual loans and leases typically represent increases for loans and leases that reach a specified past due status, offset by reductions for loans and leases that are charged-off, paid down, sold, transferred to other real estate owned or are no longer classified as non-accrual because they have returned to accrual status as a result of continued performance and an improvement in the borrower’s financial condition and loan repayment capabilities.
 
Total NPAs were $7.7 million as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of $2.1 million or 22% from December 31, 2016. The ratio of our NPAs to total loans and leases and other real estate owned was 0.07% as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of one basis point from December 31, 2016. The decrease in total NPAs was primarily due to a $1.5 million decrease in residential real estate non-accrual loans and a $0.6 million decrease in commercial and industrial non-accrual loans.
 
The largest component of our NPAs continues to be residential real estate loans. The level of these NPAs can remain elevated due to a lengthy judicial foreclosure process in Hawaii. As of March 31, 2017, residential real estate non-accrual loans were $5.0 million, a decrease of $1.5 million or 23% from December 31, 2016. As of March 31, 2017, our residential real estate non-accrual loans were comprised of 35 loans with a weighted average current loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio of 71%.
 
Commercial and industrial non-accrual loans were $2.2 million as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of $0.6 million or 21% from December 31, 2016.  All of our remaining commercial and industrial non-accrual loans were individually evaluated for impairment and we have already taken $1.0 million in charge-offs related to these loans. 
 
Other real estate owned represents property acquired as the result of borrower defaults on loans. Other real estate owned is recorded at fair value, less estimated selling costs, at the time of foreclosure. On an ongoing basis, properties are appraised as required by market conditions and applicable regulations. Other real estate owned was $0.3 million as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and was comprised of one residential real estate property.
 
We attribute the lower level of NPAs to strong general economic conditions in Hawaii, led by strong tourism and construction industries, relatively low unemployment and rising real estate prices. We have also continued to remain diligent in our collection and recovery efforts and have continued to seek new lending opportunities while maintaining sound judgment and underwriting practices.
 
Loans and Leases Past Due 90 Days or More and Still Accruing Interest. Loans and leases in this category are 90 days or more past due, as to principal or interest, and are still accruing interest because they are well secured and in the process of collection.
 
Loans and leases past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $3.5 million as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.3 million or 9% as compared to December 31, 2016. Residential real estate loans that were past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest increased by $0.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 which was offset by decreases in delinquencies in our commercial and industrial and consumer lending portfolios.
 
Impaired Loans. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a creditor will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. For a loan that has been modified in a troubled debt restructuring, the contractual terms of the loan agreement refers to the contractual terms specified by the original loan agreement, not the contractual terms specified by the modified loan agreement.
 
Impaired loans were $58.1 million and $59.4 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These impaired loans had a related Allowance of $0.9 million and $1.1 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The decrease in impaired loans during the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily due a net decrease of five commercial and industrial loans totaling $0.4 million and a net decrease of seven residential real estate loans totaling $1.3 million. The impaired loan balance is further decreased by chargeoffs and paydowns. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we recorded charge-offs of $1.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, related to our total impaired loans. Our impaired loans are considered in management’s assessment of the overall adequacy of the Allowance.
 
If interest due on the balances of all non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2017 had been accrued under the original terms, approximately $0.1 million in additional interest income would have been recorded in the three months ended
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March 31, 2017, compared to $0.6 million actually recorded as interest income on those loans. If interest due on the balances of all non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2016 had been accrued under the original terms, approximately $0.1 million in additional interest income would have been recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2016, compared to $0.7 million actually recorded as interest income on those loans.
 
Loans Modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring
 
Table 17 presents information on loans whose terms have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Loans Modified in a Troubled Debt Restructuring	 	 	 	 	 	Table 17	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	26,090	 	$	24,842	 	
Real estate - commercial	 	 	12,315	 	 	12,546	 	
Total commercial	 	 	38,405	 	 	37,388	 	
Residential	 	 	13,028	 	 	13,813	 	
Total	 	$	51,433	 	$	51,201	 	
 
Loans modified in a TDR were $51.4 million as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $0.2 million or 0.5% from December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to the addition of one commercial and industrial loan of $1.2 million, partially offset by decreases of one commercial real estate loan of $0.1 million and the net decrease of one residential real estate loan of $0.3 million. As of March 31, 2017, $50.8 million or 99% of our loans modified in a TDR were performing in accordance with their modified contractual terms and were on accrual status.
 
Generally, loans modified in a TDR are returned to accrual status after the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms by making six consecutive payments. See ‘‘Note 4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses’’ contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for more information and a description of the modification programs that we currently offer to our customers.
 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
 
We maintain the Allowance at a level which, in our judgment, is adequate to absorb probable losses that have been incurred in our loan and lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The Allowance consists of two components, allocated and unallocated. The allocated portion of the Allowance includes reserves that are allocated based on impairment analyses of specific loans or pools of loans. The unallocated component of the Allowance incorporates our judgment of the determination of the risks inherent in the loan and lease portfolio, economic uncertainties and imprecision in the estimation process. Although we determine the amount of each component of the Allowance separately, the Allowance as a whole was considered appropriate by management as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 based on our ongoing analysis of estimated probable credit losses, credit risk profiles, economic conditions, coverage ratios and other relevant factors.
 
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Table 18 presents an analysis of our Allowance for the periods indicated:

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses	 	Table 18	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Balance at Beginning of Period	 	$	135,494	 	$	135,484	 	
Loans and Leases Charged-Off	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial Loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	 	(855)	 	 	(86)	 	
Total Commercial Loans	 	 	(855)	 	 	(86)	 	
Residential	 	 	(22)	 	 	(72)	 	
Consumer	 	 	(5,572)	 	 	(4,206)	 	
Total Loans and Leases Charged-Off	 	 	(6,449)	 	 	(4,364)	 	
Recoveries on Loans and Leases Previously Charged-Off	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial Loans:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	 	114	 	 	203	 	
Real estate - commercial	 	 	77	 	 	3,199	 	
Total Commercial Loans	 	 	191	 	 	3,402	 	
Residential	 	 	321	 	 	306	 	
Consumer	 	 	1,790	 	 	1,626	 	
Total Recoveries on Loans and Leases Previously Charged-Off	 	 	2,302	 	 	5,334	 	
Net Loans and Leases (Charged-Off) Recovered	 	 	(4,147)	 	 	970	 	
Provision for Credit Losses	 	 	4,500	 	 	700	 	
Balance at End of Period	 	$	135,847	 	$	137,154	 	
Average Loans and Leases Outstanding	 	$	11,582,645	 	$	10,828,160	 	
Ratio of Net Loans and Leases Charged-Off (Recovered) to Average Loans and Leases Outstanding (1)	 	 	0.15	%	 	(0.04)	%	
Ratio of Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses to Loans and Leases Outstanding	 	 	1.15	%	 	1.25	%	

(1)   Annualized for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
Tables 19 and 20 present the allocation of the Allowance by loan category, in both dollars and as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Allocation of the Allowance by Loan and Lease Category	 	Table 19	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	$	31,557	 	$	33,129	 	
Real estate - commercial	 	 	19,932	 	 	18,448	 	
Real estate - construction	 	 	4,532	 	 	4,513	 	
Lease financing	 	 	813	 	 	847	 	
Total commercial	 	 	56,834	 	 	56,937	 	
Residential	 	 	43,541	 	 	43,436	 	
Consumer	 	 	27,456	 	 	28,388	 	
Unallocated	 	 	8,016	 	 	6,733	 	
Total Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses	 	$	135,847	 	$	135,494	 	

Allocation of the Allowance by Loan and Lease Category (as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding)	 	Table 20	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
 	 	2017	 	2016	 	
 	 	Allocated	 	Loan category	 	Allocated	 	Loan category	 	
 	 	Allowance as	 	as % of total	 	Allowance as	 	as % of total	 	
 	 	% of loan or	 	loans and	 	% of loan or	 	loans and	 	
 	  	lease category	 	leases	 	lease category	 	leases	 	
Commercial and industrial	 	0.97	%	27.53	%	1.02	%	28.12	%	
Real estate - commercial	 	0.79	 	21.49	 	0.79	 	20.34	 	
Real estate - construction	 	0.96	 	3.99	 	1.00	 	3.91	 	
Lease financing	 	0.48	 	1.43	 	0.47	 	1.56	 	
Total commercial	 	0.89	 	54.44	 	0.92	 	53.93	 	
Residential	 	1.13	 	32.80	 	1.14	 	32.96	 	
Consumer	 	1.83	 	12.76	 	1.88	 	13.11	 	
Total	 	1.15	%	100.00	%	1.18	%	100.00	%	
 
As of March 31, 2017, the Allowance was $135.8 million or 1.15% of total loans and leases outstanding, compared with an Allowance of $135.5 million or 1.18% of total loans and leases outstanding as of December 31, 2016. The level of the Allowance was commensurate with our stable credit risk profile, loan portfolio growth and composition and a strong Hawaii economy.
 
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Net charge-offs of loans and leases were $4.1 million or 0.15% of total average loans and leases, on an annualized basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to net recoveries of loans and leases of $1.0 million or 0.04% of total average loans and leases, on an annualized basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2016.  Net charge-offs in our commercial lending portfolio were $0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to net recoveries of $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Our net recovery position for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was primarily due to a $3.1 million recovery on a previously charged-off commercial real estate loan. Net recoveries in our residential lending portfolio were $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to net recoveries of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Our net recovery position in this portfolio segment is largely attributable to rising real estate prices in Hawaii. Net charge-offs in our consumer lending portfolio were $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to net charge-offs of $2.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016. These higher loss rates reflect the inherent risk related to our consumer lending portfolio. 
 
Although we determine the amount of each component of the Allowance separately, the Allowance as a whole was considered appropriate by management as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 based on our ongoing analysis of estimated probable credit losses, credit risk profiles, economic conditions, coverage ratios and other relevant factors.
 
As of March 31, 2017, the allocation of the Allowance to our commercial, residential and consumer loans was comparable to the respective allocations as of December 31, 2016. See “Note 4. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for more information on the Allowance.
 
Goodwill
 
Goodwill was $995.5 million as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Our goodwill originates from the acquisition of BancWest by BNPP in December of 2001. Goodwill generated in that acquisition was recorded on the balance sheet of First Hawaiian Bank as a result of push down accounting treatment, and remains on our consolidated balance sheets. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject, at a minimum, to annual tests for impairment at a reporting unit level. Determining the amount of goodwill impairment, if any, includes assessing the current implied fair value of the reporting unit as if it were being acquired in a business combination and comparing it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill. There was no impairment in our goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Future events that could cause a significant decline in our expected future cash flows or a significant adverse change in our business or the business climate may necessitate taking charges in future reporting periods related to the impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets.
 
Other Assets
 
Other assets were $332.8 million as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of $29.9 million or 8.2% from December 31, 2016.  This decrease was primarily due to a $33.2 million decrease in current taxes receivable and deferred tax assets, the result of us recording our tax provision for the first three months of 2017.  Also contributing to the decrease in other assets was net sales of money market mutual funds of $2.7 million, which was partially offset by a $1.6 million increase in the fair value of our customer related interest rate swap agreements.
 
Deposits
 
Deposits are the primary funding source for the Bank and are acquired from a broad base of local markets, including both individual and corporate customers. We obtain funds from depositors by offering a range of deposit types, including demand, savings, money market and time.
 
Table 21 presents the composition of our deposits as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Deposits	 	 	 	 	 	Table 21	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	 	2017	 	2016	 	
Demand	 	$	6,020,547	 	$	5,992,617	 	
Savings	 	 	4,503,663	 	 	4,609,306	 	
Money Market	 	 	2,496,642	 	 	2,454,013	 	
Time	 	 	3,917,326	 	 	3,738,596	 	
Total Deposits	 	$	16,938,178	 	$	16,794,532	 	
 
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Total deposits were $16.9 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $143.6 million or 1% from December 31, 2016. Increases in demand, money market and time deposits were partially offset by a decrease in the savings deposit balances. We continue to focus on our strategy to increase the concentration of lower cost deposits within the overall deposit mix by focusing on growth in demand, savings and money market products with less emphasis on renewing maturing certificate of deposit accounts. In addition to efficiently funding balance sheet growth, the increased concentration in core deposit accounts (defined as all deposits excluding time deposits in excess of $250,000) generally deepens and extends the length of customer relationships.
 
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”), which are reflected as short-term borrowings in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets, were nil as of March 31, 2017, a decrease of $9.2 million or 100% from December 31, 2016. Balances in repurchase agreements fluctuate throughout the year based on the liquidity needs of our customers. All of our repurchase agreements at December 31, 2016 were either with the State of Hawaii or counties within the State of Hawaii.
 
The table below provides selected information for short-term borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016: 

 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 22	 	
 	 	Three Months Ended March 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	 	2016	 	
Federal funds purchased:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average interest rate at March 31, 	 	 	 —	%	 	 —	%	
Highest month-end balance	 	$	 —	 	$	 —	 	
Average outstanding balance	 	$	233	 	$	165	 	
Weighted-average interest rate paid	 	 	0.09	%	 	0.04	%	
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Weighted-average interest rate at March 31, 	 	 	 —	%	 	0.19	%	
Highest month-end balance	 	$	5,951	 	$	235,451	 	
Average outstanding balance	 	$	3,623	 	$	223,772	 	
Weighted-average interest rate paid	 	 	0.14	%	 	0.03	%	
 
Pension and Postretirement Plan Obligations
 
We have a qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, an unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan, a directors’ retirement plan, a non-qualified pension plan for eligible directors and a postretirement benefit plan providing life insurance and healthcare benefits that we offer to our directors and employees, as applicable. The qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan, the unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan and the directors’ retirement plan are all frozen plans. To calculate annual pension costs, we use the following key variables: (1) size of the employee population, length of service and estimated compensation increases; (2) actuarial assumptions and estimates; (3) expected long-term rate of return on plan assets; and (4) discount rate.
 
Pension and postretirement benefit plan obligations, net of pension plan assets was $122.7 million as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $1.5 million or 1% from December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to net periodic benefit costs for the three months ended March 31, 2017 of $3.2 million, partially offset by payments of $1.7 million.
 
See ‘‘Note 13. Benefit Plans’’ contained in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for more information on our pension and postretirement benefit plans.
 
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Foreign Activities
 
Cross-border outstandings are defined as loans (including accrued interest), acceptances, interest-bearing deposits with other banks, other interest-bearing investments and any other monetary assets which are denominated in dollars or other non-local currency. As of March 31, 2017, aggregate cross-border outstandings in countries which amounted to 0.75% to 1% of our total consolidated assets totaled approximately $174.7 million to Japan. As of December 31, 2016, aggregate cross-border outstandings in countries which amounted to 0.75% to 1% of our total consolidated assets totaled approximately $151.9 million to Canada. There were no cross-border outstandings in excess of 1% of our total consolidated assets as of both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
 
Capital
 
In July 2013, the federal bank regulators approved final rules (the ‘‘New Capital Rules’’), implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision’s December 2010 final capital framework for strengthening international capital standards, known as Basel III, and various provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Subject to a phase-in period for various provisions, the New Capital Rules became effective for us and for the Bank on January 1, 2015. The New Capital Rules require bank holding companies and their bank subsidiaries to maintain substantially more capital than previously required, with a greater emphasis on common equity. The New Capital Rules, among other things, (i) introduce a new capital measure called ‘‘Common Equity Tier 1’’ (‘‘CET1’’), (ii) specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and ‘‘Additional Tier 1 capital’’ instruments meeting specified requirements, (iii) define CET1 narrowly by requiring that most deductions/adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital and (iv) expand the scope of the deductions/adjustments to capital as compared to existing regulations.
 
The phase-in period became effective for the Company on January 1, 2015 when banks were required to maintain 4.5% of CET1 to risk-weighted assets, 6.0% of Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets, and 8.0% of Total Capital to risk-weighted assets. On that date, the deductions from CET1 capital were limited to 40% of the final phased-in deductions. Implementation of the deductions and other adjustments to CET1 will be phased-in over a five year period which began on January 1, 2015. Implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at 0.625% and will be phased-in over a four year period (increasing each subsequent January 1st by the same amount until it reaches 2.5% on January 1, 2019).
 
As of March 31, 2017, our capital levels remained characterized as ‘‘well capitalized’’ under the New Capital Rules. Our regulatory capital ratios, calculated in accordance with the New Capital Rules, are presented in Table 23 below. There have been no conditions or events since March 31, 2017 that management believes have changed either the Company’s or the Bank’s capital classifications.

Regulatory Capital	 	 	 	 	 	Table 23	 	
 	 	March 31, 	 	December 31, 	 	
(dollars in thousands)	    	2017	    	2016	 	
Stockholders' Equity	 	$	2,505,994	 	$	2,476,485	 	
Less:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Goodwill	 	 	995,492	 	 	995,492	 	
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	 	 	(86,692)	 	 	(88,011)	 	
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital and Tier 1 Capital	 	$	1,597,194	 	$	1,569,004	 	
Add:	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Allowable Reserve for Loan and Lease Losses	 	 	136,447	 	 	136,094	 	
Total Capital	 	$	1,733,641	 	$	1,705,098	 	
Risk-Weighted Assets	 	$	12,500,360	 	$	12,307,895	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Key Regulatory Capital Ratios	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio	 	 	12.78	%  	 	12.75	%	
Tier 1 Capital Ratio	 	 	12.78	%  	 	12.75	%	
Total Capital Ratio	 	 	13.87	%  	 	13.85	%	
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio	 	 	8.52	%  	 	8.36	%	
 
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Total stockholders’ equity was $2.5 billion as of March 31, 2017, an increase of $29.5 million or 1% from December 31, 2016. The change in stockholders’ equity was primarily due to earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2017 of $56.7 million, partially offset by dividends declared and paid of $30.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 to the Company’s shareholders.
 
In April 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.22 per share on our outstanding shares. The dividend will be paid on June 9, 2017 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 30, 2017.
 
Off‑Balance Sheet Arrangements and Guarantees
 
Off‑Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We hold interests in several unconsolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”). These unconsolidated VIEs are primarily low income housing partnerships. Variable interests are defined as contractual ownership or other interests in an entity that change with fluctuations in an entity’s net asset value. The primary beneficiary consolidates the VIE. Based on our analysis, we have determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary of these entities. As a result, we do not consolidate these VIEs.
 
Guarantees
 
We sell residential mortgage loans in the secondary market primarily to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. The agreements under which we sell residential mortgage loans to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac contain provisions that include various representations and warranties regarding the origination and characteristics of the residential mortgage loans. Although the specific representations and warranties vary among investors, insurance or guarantee agreements, they typically cover ownership of the loan, validity of the lien securing the loan, the absence of delinquent taxes or liens against the property securing the loan, compliance with loan criteria set forth in the applicable agreement, compliance with applicable federal, state, and local laws, and other matters. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the unpaid principal balance of our portfolio of residential mortgage loans sold was $2.6 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively. The agreements under which we sell residential mortgage loans require delivery of various documents to the investor or its document custodian. Although these loans are primarily sold on a non-recourse basis, we may be obligated to repurchase residential mortgage loans or reimburse investors for losses incurred if a loan review reveals that underwriting and documentation standards were potentially not met in the origination of those loans. Upon receipt of a repurchase request, we work with investors to arrive at a mutually agreeable resolution. Repurchase demands are typically reviewed on an individual loan by loan basis to validate the claims made by the investor to determine if a contractually required repurchase event has occurred. We manage the risk associated with potential repurchases or other forms of settlement through our underwriting and quality assurance practices and by servicing mortgage loans to meet investor and secondary market standards. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, there were no repurchases of residential mortgage loans. As of March 31, 2017, there were no pending loan repurchase requests related to representation and warranty provisions.
 
In addition to servicing loans in our portfolio, substantially all of the loans we sell to investors are sold with servicing rights retained. We also service loans originated by other mortgage loan originators. As servicer, our primary duties are to: (1) collect payments due from borrowers; (2) advance certain delinquent payments of principal and interest; (3) maintain and administer any hazard, title, or primary mortgage insurance policies relating to the mortgage loans; (4) maintain any required escrow accounts for payment of taxes and insurance and administer escrow payments; and (5) foreclose on defaulted mortgage loans, or loan modifications or short sales. Each agreement under which we act as servicer generally specifies a standard of responsibility for actions taken by us in such capacity and provides protection against expenses and liabilities incurred by us when acting in compliance with the respective servicing agreements. However, if we commit a material breach of obligations as servicer, we may be subject to termination if the breach is not cured within a specified period following notice. The standards governing servicing and the possible remedies for violations of such standards vary by investor. These standards and remedies are determined by servicing guides issued by the investors as well as the contract provisions established between the investors and the Company. Remedies could include repurchase of an affected loan. For the three months ended March 31, 2017, we had no repurchase requests related to loan servicing activities, nor were there any pending repurchase requests as of March 31, 2017.  
 
Although to date repurchase requests related to representation and warranty provisions and servicing activities have been limited, it is possible that requests to repurchase mortgage loans may increase in frequency as investors more
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aggressively pursue all means of recovering losses on their purchased loans. However, as of March 31, 2017, management believes that this exposure is not material due to the historical level of repurchase requests and loss trends and thus has not established a liability for losses related to mortgage loan repurchases. As of March 31, 2017, 99% of our residential mortgage loans serviced for investors were current. We maintain ongoing communications with investors and continue to evaluate this exposure by monitoring the level and number of repurchase requests as well as the delinquency rates in loans sold to investors.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
Our contractual obligations have not changed materially since previously reported as of December 31, 2016. However, as noted above, in connection with our transition to a stand-alone public company and our continued separation from BNPP, we expect to incur higher costs, resulting in higher purchase obligations, in future periods from higher pricing of services by third-party vendors whose future contracts with us do not reflect BOW’s volumes or the benefits of BNPP bargaining power. Currently, we are not able to reasonably estimate the future amount and timing of these higher purchase obligations.
 
Future Application of Accounting Pronouncements
 
For a discussion of the expected impact of accounting pronouncements recently issued but not adopted by us as of March 31, 2017, see “Note 1. Organization and Basis of Presentation - Recent Accounting Pronouncements” to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for more information.  
 
Risk Governance and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
Managing risk is an essential part of successfully operating our business. Management believes that the most prominent risk exposures for the Company are credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk management, capital management and operational risk. See “Analysis of Financial Condition — Liquidity” and “—Capital” sections of MD&A for further discussions of liquidity risk management and capital management, respectively.
 
Credit Risk
 
Credit risk is the risk that borrowers or counterparties will be unable or unwilling to repay their obligations in accordance with the underlying contractual terms. We manage and control credit risk in the loan and lease portfolio by adhering to well-defined underwriting criteria and account administration standards established by management. Written credit policies document underwriting standards, approval levels, exposure limits and other limits or standards deemed necessary and prudent. Portfolio diversification at the obligor, industry, product, and/or geographic location levels is actively managed to mitigate concentration risk. In addition, credit risk management also includes an independent credit review process that assesses compliance with commercial, real estate and consumer credit policies, risk ratings and other critical credit information. In addition to implementing risk management practices that are based upon established and sound lending practices, we adhere to sound credit principles. We understand and evaluate our customers’ borrowing needs and capacity to repay, in conjunction with their character and history.
 
Management has identified three categories of loans that we use to develop our systematic methodology to determine the Allowance: commercial, residential real estate and consumer.
 
Commercial lending is further categorized into four distinct classes based on characteristics relating to the borrower, transaction and collateral. These classes are: commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction and lease financing. Commercial and industrial loans are primarily for the purpose of financing equipment acquisition, expansion, working capital and other general business purposes by medium to larger Hawaii based corporations, as well as U.S. mainland and international companies. Commercial and industrial loans are typically secured by non-real estate assets whereby the collateral is trading assets, enterprise value or inventory. As with many of our customers, our commercial and industrial loan customers are heavily dependent on tourism, government expenditures and real estate values. Commercial real estate loans are secured by real estate, including but not limited to structures and facilities to support activities designated as retail, health care, general office space, warehouse and industrial space. Our bank’s underwriting policy generally requires that net cash flows from the property be sufficient to service the debt while still maintaining an appropriate amount of reserves. Commercial real estate loans in Hawaii are characterized by having a limited supply of real estate at commercially attractive locations, long delivery time frames for development and high interest rate sensitivity.
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Our construction lending portfolio consists primarily of land loans, single family and condominium development loans. Financing of construction loans is subject to a high degree of credit risk given the long delivery time frames for such projects. Construction lending activities are underwritten on a project financing basis whereby the cash flows or lease rents from the underlying real estate collateral or the sale of the finished inventory is the primary source of repayment. Market feasibility analysis is typically performed by assessing market comparables, market conditions and demand in the specific lending area and general community. We require presales of finished inventory prior to loan funding. However, because this analysis is typically performed on a forward looking basis, real estate construction projects typically present a higher risk profile in our lending activities. Lease financing activities include commercial single investor leases and leveraged leases used to purchase items ranging from computer equipment to transportation equipment. Underwriting of new leasing arrangements typically includes analyzing customer cash flows, evaluating secondary sources of repayment such as the value of the leased asset, the guarantors’ net cash flows as well as other credit enhancements provided by the lessee.
 
Residential real estate is not further categorized into classes, but consists of loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties and home equity lines of credit and loans. Our bank’s underwriting standards typically require LTV ratios of not more than 80%, although higher levels are permitted with accompanying mortgage insurance. First mortgage loans secured by residential properties generally carry a moderate level of credit risk, with an average loan size of approximately $290,000. Residential mortgage loan production is added to our loan portfolio or is sold in the secondary market, based on management’s evaluation of our liquidity, capital and loan portfolio mix as well as market conditions. Changes in interest rates, the economic environment and other market factors have impacted, and will likely continue to impact, the marketability and value of collateral and the financial condition of our borrowers which impacts the level of credit risk inherent in this portfolio, although we remain a supply constrained housing environment in Hawaii. Geographic concentrations exist for this portfolio as nearly all residential mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit and loans outstanding are for residences located in Hawaii, Guam or Saipan. These island locales are susceptible to a wide array of potential natural disasters including, but not limited to, hurricanes, floods, tsunamis and earthquakes. We offer fixed and variable rate home equity loans, with variable rate loans underwritten at fully-indexed interest rates. Our procedures for underwriting home equity loans include an assessment of an applicant’s overall financial capacity and repayment ability. Decisions are primarily based on repayment ability via debt to income ratios, LTV ratios and credit scores.
 
Consumer lending is further categorized into the following classes of loans: credit cards, automobile loans and other consumer-related installment loans. Consumer loans are either unsecured or secured by the borrower’s personal assets. The average loan size is generally small and risk is diversified among many borrowers. We offer a wide array of credit cards for business and personal use. In general, our customers are attracted to our credit card offerings on the basis of price, credit limit, reward programs and other product features. Credit card underwriting decisions are generally based on repayment ability of our borrower via DTI ratios, credit bureau information, including payment history, debt burden and credit scores, such as FICO, and analysis of financial capacity. Automobile lending activities include loans and leases secured by new or used automobiles. We originate the majority of our automobile loans and leases on an indirect basis through selected dealerships. Our procedures for underwriting automobile loans include an assessment of an applicant’s overall financial capacity and repayment ability, credit history and the ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan or lease. Although an applicant’s creditworthiness is the primary consideration, the underwriting process also includes a comparison of the value of the collateral security to the proposed loan amount. We require borrowers to maintain full coverage automobile insurance on automobile loans and leases, with the Bank listed as either the loss payee or additional insured. Installment loans consist of open and closed end facilities for personal and household purchases. We seek to maintain reasonable levels of risk in installment lending by following prudent underwriting guidelines which include an evaluation of personal credit history and cash flow.
 
In addition to geographic concentration risk, we also monitor our exposure to industry risk. While the Bank and our customers could be adversely impacted by events affecting the tourism industry, we also monitor our other industry exposures, including but not limited to our exposures in the oil, gas and energy industries. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we did not have material exposures to customers in the oil, gas and energy industries.
 
Market Risk
 
Market risk is the potential of loss arising from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices and commodity prices, including the correlation among these factors and their volatility. When the value of an instrument is tied to such external factors, the holder faces market risk. We are exposed to market risk primarily from interest rate risk, which is defined as the risk of loss of net interest income or net interest margin because of changes in interest rates.
 
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The potential cash flows, sales or replacement value of many of our assets and liabilities, especially those that earn or pay interest, are sensitive to changes in the general level of interest rates. In the banking industry, changes in interest rates can significantly impact earnings and the safety and soundness of an entity.
 
Interest rate risk arises primarily from our core business activities of extending loans and accepting deposits. This occurs when our interest earning loans and interest bearing deposits mature or reprice at different times, on a different basis or in unequal amounts. Interest rates may also affect loan demand, credit losses, mortgage origination volume, pre- payment speeds and other items affecting earnings.
 
Many factors affect our exposure to changes in interest rates, such as general economic and financial conditions, customer preferences, historical pricing relationships and repricing characteristics of financial instruments. Our earnings are affected not only by general economic conditions, but also by the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States and its agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve. The monetary policies of the Federal Reserve can influence the overall growth of loans, investment securities and deposits and the level of interest rates earned on assets and paid for liabilities.
 
Market Risk Measurement
 
We primarily use net interest income simulation analysis to measure and analyze interest rate risk. We run various hypothetical interest rate scenarios at least monthly and compare these results against a measured base case scenario. Our net interest income simulation analysis incorporates various assumptions, which we believe are reasonable but which may have a significant impact on results. These assumptions include: (1) the timing of changes in interest rates, (2) shifts or rotations in the yield curve, (3) re-pricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments on and off balance sheet, (4) differing sensitivities of financial instruments due to differing underlying rate indices, (5) varying loan prepayment speeds for different interest rate scenarios and (6) overall increase or decrease in the size of the balance sheet and product mix of assets and liabilities. Because of limitations inherent in any approach used to measure interest rate risk, simulation results are not intended as a forecast of the actual effect of a change in market interest rates on our results but rather as a means to better plan and execute appropriate asset liability management strategies to manage our interest rate risk.
 
Table 24 presents, for the twelve months subsequent to March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, an estimate of the change in net interest income that would result from an immediate change in market interest rates, moving in a parallel fashion over the entire yield curve, relative to the base case scenario. The base case scenario assumes that interest rates are generally unchanged. We evaluate the sensitivity by using: 1) a dynamic forecast incorporating expected changes in the balance sheet, and 2) a static forecast where the balance sheet as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is held constant.

Net Interest Income Sensitivity Profile - Estimated Percentage Change Over 12 Months	 	 	 	 	 	 	Table 24	 	
 	 	 	Dynamic Forecast	 	Static Forecast	 	 	Dynamic Forecast	 	Static Forecast	 	
 	 	 	as of March 31, 2017	 	as of March 31, 2017	 	 	as of December 31, 2016	 	as of December 31, 2016	 	
Immediate Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	 	 	    	 	    	 	 	    	 	 	
+200	 	 	8.4	%	12.0	%	 	8.6	%	11.9	%	
+100	 	 	4.9	 	6.0	 	 	4.5	 	5.8	 	
(100)	 	 	(6.1)	 	(6.6)	 	 	(6.0)	 	(6.8)	 	
 
The table above shows the effects of a simulation which estimates the effect of an immediate and sustained parallel shift in the yield curve of −100, +100 and +200 basis points in market interest rates over a 12 month period on our net interest income. One declining interest rate scenario and two rising interest rate scenarios were selected as shown in the table and net interest income was calculated and compared to the base case scenario, as described above.
 
Under the dynamic balance sheet forecasts, the change in net interest income from the base case scenario as of March 31, 2017 was slightly higher and more sensitive in the +100 and -100 basis point scenarios as compared to similar projections made as of December 31, 2016, primarily due to our LIBOR-based commercial loans which would reprice relatively quickly in a changing interest rate environment. The change in net interest income from the base case scenario was slightly lower or less sensitive in the +200 basis point scenario as compared to a similar projection made as of December 31, 2016. This was, in part, due to an expectation that there would be a higher demand for our time deposit products in a rising interest rate environment.
 
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Under the static balance sheet forecasts, larger sensitivities are experienced under all scenarios as changes in the deposit mix are not reflected in the forecast over the next 12 months.
 
We also have longer term interest rate risk exposures which may not be appropriately measured by net interest income simulation analysis. We use market value of equity (“MVE”) sensitivity analysis to study the impact of long term cash flows on earnings and capital. MVE involves discounting present values of all cash flows of on balance sheet and off balance sheet items under different interest rate scenarios. The discounted present value of all cash flows represents our MVE. MVE analysis requires modifying the expected cash flows in each interest rate scenario, which will impact the discounted present value. The amount of base case measurement and its sensitivity to shifts in the yield curve allows management to measure longer term repricing option risk in the balance sheet.
 
We also analyze the historical sensitivity of our interest bearing transaction accounts to determine the portion that it classifies as interest rate sensitive versus the portion classified over one year. This analysis divides interest bearing assets and liabilities into maturity categories and measures the “GAP” between maturing assets and liabilities in each category.
 
Limitations of Market Risk Measures
 
The results of our simulation analyses are hypothetical, and a variety of factors might cause actual results to differ substantially from what is depicted. For example, if the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes differ from those projected, our net interest income might vary significantly. Non parallel yield curve shifts such as a flattening or steepening of the yield curve or changes in interest rate spreads would also cause our net interest income to be different from that depicted. An increasing interest rate environment could reduce projected net interest income if deposits and other short term liabilities re-price faster than expected or faster than our assets re-price. Actual results could differ from those projected if we grow assets and liabilities faster or slower than estimated, if we experience a net outflow of deposits or if our mix of assets and liabilities otherwise changes. For example, while we maintain relatively large cash balances with the FRB, a faster than expected withdrawal of deposits out of the bank may cause us to seek higher cost sources of funding. Actual results could also differ from those projected if we experience substantially different prepayment speeds in our loan portfolio than those assumed in the simulation analyses. Finally, these simulation results do not consider all the actions that we may undertake in response to potential or actual changes in interest rates, such as changes to our loan, investment, deposit, funding or hedging strategies.
 
Market Risk Governance
 
We seek to achieve consistent growth in net interest income and capital while managing volatility arising from changes in market interest rates. The objective of our interest rate risk management process is to increase net interest income while operating within acceptable limits established for interest rate risk and maintaining adequate levels of funding and liquidity.
 
To manage the impact on net interest income, we manage our exposure to changes in interest rates through our asset and liability management activities within guidelines established by our ALCO and approved by our board of directors. The ALCO has the responsibility for approving and ensuring compliance with the ALCO management policies, including interest rate risk exposures. The objective of our interest rate risk management process is to maximize net interest income while operating within acceptable limits established for interest rate risk and maintaining adequate levels of funding and liquidity.
 
Through review and oversight by the ALCO, we attempt to engage in strategies that neutralize interest rate risk as much as possible. Our use of derivative financial instruments, as detailed in “Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments” to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, has generally been limited. This is due to natural on balance sheet hedges arising out of offsetting interest rate exposures from loans and investment securities with deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities. In particular, the investment securities portfolio is utilized to manage the interest rate exposure and sensitivity to within the guidelines and limits established by the ALCO. We utilize natural and offsetting economic hedges in an effort to reduce the need to employ off-balance sheet derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate risk exposures. Expected movements in interest rates are also considered in managing interest rate risk. Thus, as interest rates change, we may use different techniques to manage interest rate risk.
 
Management uses the results of its various simulation analyses to formulate strategies to achieve a desired risk profile within the parameters of our capital and liquidity guidelines.
 
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Operational Risk
 
Operational risk is the risk of loss arising from inadequate or failed processes, people or systems, external events (such as natural disasters), or compliance, reputational or legal matters, including the risk of loss resulting from fraud, litigation and breaches in data security. Operational risk is inherent in all of our business ventures and the management of that risk is important to the achievement of our objectives. We have a framework in place that includes the reporting and assessment of any operational risk events, and the assessment of our mitigating strategies within our key business lines. This framework is implemented through our policies, processes and reporting requirements. We measure and report operational risk using the seven operational risk event types projected by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in Basel II: (1) external fraud; (2) internal fraud; (3) employment practices and workplace safety; (4) clients, products and business practices; (5) damage to physical assets; (6) business disruption and system failures; and (7) execution, delivery and process management. Our operational risk review process is also a core part of our assessment of material new products or activities.
 
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
See “Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk Governance and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
 
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2017.  The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2017.
 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2017 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
The Company operates in a highly regulated environment. From time to time, the Company is party to various litigation matters incidental to the conduct of our business. We are not presently party to any legal proceedings the resolution of which we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, results of operation, cash flows, or capital levels. For additional information, see the discussion related to contingencies in “Note 11. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities” in our consolidated financial statements under “Part I, Item 1. Financial Statements.”
 
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
 
There are no material changes from the risk factors as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.  
 
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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
 
Information Required Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Securities Exchange Act
 
Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 amended Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) to add new subsection (r), which requires disclosure if, during the reporting period, the issuer or any of its affiliates has knowingly engaged in certain specified activities involving Iran or other persons targeted by the United States sanctions programs related to terrorism (Executive Order 13224) or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (Executive Order 13382). Disclosure is generally required even if the activities were conducted outside the United States by non-U.S. entities in compliance with applicable law. First Hawaiian, Inc. and its Subsidiaries (the “Company”) have not engaged in any activities that would require reporting under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act.  However, the Company is controlled by BNP Paribas and under common control with BNP Paribas’ affiliates (collectively “BNPP”). To help the Company comply with Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, BNPP has requested relevant information from its affiliates globally, and it has provided the following information to the Company:
 
BNPP is committed to economic sanctions compliance, the prevention of money laundering and the fight against corruption and terrorist financing. As part of these efforts, BNPP has adopted and maintains a risk-based compliance program reasonably designed to ensure conformity with applicable anti-money laundering, anti-corruption, counter-terrorist financing, and sanctions laws and regulations in the territories in which BNPP operates.
 
Legacy agreements: In the past, BNPP has issued and participates in legacy guarantees and other financing arrangements that supported various projects, including the construction of petrochemical plants in Iran.  Some of these financing arrangements had counterparties that were entities or instrumentalities of the Government of Iran, involved Iranian banks that were subsequently sanctioned pursuant to Executive Orders 13224 or 13382, or involved a Syrian entity that was subsequently sanctioned pursuant to Executive Order 13382. BNPP continues to have obligations under these arrangements and has made efforts to close the positions which remain outstanding in accordance with applicable law. BNPP received gross revenues of approximately EUR 10.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 in connection with these projects, with a net profit of less than that amount, which mainly comprised of repayments and fees on those legacy guarantees and other financing arrangements.
 
Other relationships with Iranian banks: BNPP maintains a safe deposit box in Italy for the Rome branch of an Iranian government-owned bank. BNPP intends to exit this relationship. There was no gross revenue to BNPP during the reporting period for this activity.
 
Clearing systems: As part of its operations and in conformance with applicable law, BNPP participates in various local clearing and settlement exchange systems. Iranian government-owned banks also participate in some of these clearing systems and may act as counterparty banks. BNPP intends to continue to participate in the local clearing and settlement exchange systems in various countries. There was no measurable gross revenue or net profit generated by this activity for BNPP during the reporting period.
 
Restricted accounts and transactions: BNPP maintains various accounts that are blocked or restricted for sanctions-related reasons, for which no activity took place during the reporting period, except for the crediting of interest or the deduction of standard account charges, in accordance with applicable law. During the fourth quarter of 2016, BNPP froze payments where required under relevant sanctions programs. BNPP will continue to hold these assets in a blocked or restricted status, as applicable laws may require or permit.
 
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
 
A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
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Signatures
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

Date: April 27, 2017	 	 	First Hawaiian, Inc.	

 	 	 	 	
 	By:	 	/s/ Robert S. Harrison	
 	 	 	Robert S. Harrison
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)	

 	 	 	 	
 	By:	 	/s/ Michael Ching	
 	 	 	Michael Ching
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)	

 
 
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Exhibit Index
 
Exhibit Number	 	
 	 	
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended, Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended, Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	
 	 	
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document	
 	 	
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	
 	 	
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	
 	 	
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	
 	 	
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	
 	 	
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	
 
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Exhibit 31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended,
Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I, Robert S. Harrison, certify that:
 
1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of First Hawaiian, Inc.;
 
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
c)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
 
a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:  April 27, 2017	/s/ Robert S. Harrison	
 	Robert S. Harrison	
 	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer	
 	(Principal Executive Officer)	

Exhibit 31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to
Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended,
Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Michael Ching, certify that:
 
1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of First Hawaiian, Inc.;
 
2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
 
3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
 
4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:
 
a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
 
b)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
 
c)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
 
5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
 
a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
 
b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Date:  April 27, 2017	/s/ Michael Ching	
 	Michael Ching	
 	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer	
 	(Principal Financial Officer)	

 

 
Exhibit 32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:  
 
 	·	 	The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of First Hawaiian, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and	
 
 	·	 	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	

Date:  April 27, 2017	/s/ Robert S. Harrison	
 	Robert S. Harrison	
 	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer	
 	(Principal Executive Officer)	
 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

 
Exhibit 32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
 
I hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:  
 
 	·	 	The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of First Hawaiian, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and	
 
 	·	 	the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.	

Date:  April 27, 2017	/s/ Michael Ching	
 	Michael Ching	
 	Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer	
 	(Principal Financial Officer)	
 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.